Chapter 23- How Cells Work

Question 0

Concentration gradient

Answer 0

Moving to higher or lower places of concentration

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The diffusion of water

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Diffusion where only a certain type of molecule can fit into a transport protein, Moving molecules down a concentration gradient

Question 4

Transport protein

Answer 4

A membrane protein that allows only certain molecules into the cell

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

Allowing into the cell

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

Pushing out of the cell

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

A type of cell division in which one cell divide into two cells

Question 8

Gap 1

Answer 8

Cell gets ready to divide by doubling in size

Question 9

Synthesis

Answer 9

Cell creates exact copy of DNA

Question 10

Gap 2

Answer 10

Cell builds more machinery it will need for cell division

Question 11

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 11

The cell divides

Question 12

Gap 0

Answer 12

Cells that aren’t ready to divide

Question 13

Prophase

Answer 13

Membranes around the nucleus break down and chromosomes become tightly packed

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 15

Anaphase

Answer 15

Two sister chromatids separate

Question 16

Telophase

Answer 16

Sister chromatids move to the opposite sides of the cell

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 18

Exothermic

Answer 18

Chemical reactions that release heat

Question 19

Endothermic

Answer 19

Chemical reactions that absorb heat

Question 20

Activation energy

Answer 20

Energy needed to get a chemical reaction going

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

Cells energy to power chemical reactions

Question 22

Sodium-Potassium pump

Answer 22

Uses active transport to move sodium ions out of animal cells and potassium ions into animal cells

Question 23

Photosynthesis

Answer 23

Convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy in organic molecules

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

Transport across the membrane where energy is used

Question 25

Passive transport

Answer 25

Transport across membrane where energy is not used

Question 26

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 26

Reactions that require sunlight

Question 27

Light-independent reactions

Answer 27

Reactions that don’t require sunlight

Question 28

Chlorophyll

Answer 28

A pigment that absorbs light

Question 29

Glycolysis

Answer 29

Breaking down sugar

Question 30

Krebs cycle

Answer 30

Molecule is broken down, carbon dioxide is released, two ATP is produced and additional energy is stored

Question 31

Electron transport

Answer 31

When additional energy is used to make more ATP

Question 32

Anaerobic

Answer 32

Non-oxygen using process

Question 33

Aerobic

Answer 33

Oxygen using process

Question 34

Fermentation

Answer 34

Makes molecules needed for glycolysis

Question 35

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 35

Turning privies acid into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 36

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 36

Turning pyruvic acid into lactic acid