Chapter 23 History

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

A Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 2

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

Answer 2

Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.

Question 3

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Answer 3

William I, or in German Wilhelm I, of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor, as well as the first Head of State of a united Germany.

Question 4

Militarism

Answer 4

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Question 5

Alsace Lorraine

Answer 5

The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after it annexed most of Alsace and the Moselle department of Lorraine following its victory in the Franco-Prussian War.

Question 6

Archduke Ferdinand

Answer 6

Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia and, from 1896 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

Question 7

Gavrilo Princip

Answer 7

Gavrilo Princip was a member of Young Bosnia, a South Slav nationalist organization seeking an end to Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Question 8

Mobilize

Answer 8

(of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service.

Question 9

Central Powers

Answer 9

consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (German: Vierbund)

Question 10

Allied Powers

Answer 10

In World War II the chief Allied powers were Great Britain, France

Question 11

Trench warfare

Answer 11

is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy’s small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery

Question 12

Stalemate

Answer 12

bring to or cause to reach stalemate.

Question 13

U-Boats

Answer 13

The destruction of enemy shipping by German U-boatswas a spectacular feature of both World Wars I and II.

Question 14

Neutral

Answer 14

not helping or supporting either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartial.

Question 15

Lusitania

Answer 15

RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner that a German submarine sank in World War I, causing a major diplomatic uproar.

Question 16

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 16

William Jennings Bryan was an American orator and politician from Nebraska, and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as the Party’s nominee for President of the United States

Question 17

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 17

Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Born in Staunton, Virginia, he spent his early years in Augusta, Georgia and Columbia, South Carolina

Question 18

Sussex pledge

Answer 18

The Sussex Pledge was a promise made by Germany to the United States in 1916, during World War I before the USA entered the war. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships, to be torpedoed without warning.

Question 19

Zimmermann note

Answer 19

was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States’ entering World War I against Germany.

Question 20

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Answer 20

also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee, was an independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I.

Question 21

Espionage

Answer 21

the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information.

Question 22

Sedition

Answer 22

conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.

Question 23

Selective Service Act

Answer 23

authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people.

Question 24

Liberty Bonds

Answer 24

A Liberty Bond was a war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I. Subscribing to the bondsbecame a symbol of patriotic duty in the United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time.

Question 25

Jane Addams

Answer 25

Jane Addams known as the “mother” of Social Work was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women’s suffrage and world peace.

Question 26

Jeanette Rankin

Answer 26

Jeannette Pickering Rankin was an American politician and women’s rights advocate, and the first woman to hold national office in the United States.

Question 27

National War Labor Board

Answer 27

National War Labor Board may refer to either of two United States government agencies established to mediate labor disputes in wartime: National War Labor Board (1918–1919) National War Labor Board (1942–1945)

Question 28

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

Answer 28

The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was theexpeditionary force of the United States Army during World War I. It was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of Gen. John J. Pershing.

Question 29

General John J. Pershing

Answer 29

General of the Armies John Joseph “Black Jack” Pershing was a senior United States Army officer, most famous as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force on the Western Front in World War I, 1917–18.

Question 30

Bolsheviks

Answer 30

a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917.

Question 31

Communist

Answer 31

a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism.

Question 32

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 32

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.

Question 33

Ferdinand Foch

Answer 33

Marshal Ferdinand Jean Marie Foch was a French general and Marshal of France, Great Britain and Poland, a military theorist and the Supreme Allied Commander during the First World War.

Question 34

Alvin York

Answer 34

Alvin Cullum York, also known as Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated United States Army soldiers of World War I.

Question 35

Harlem Hellfighters

Answer 35

The 369th Infantry Regiment, formerly known as the 15th New York National Guard Regiment, was an infantry regiment of the United States Army National Guard during World War I and World War II.

Question 36

Strategy

Answer 36

a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.

Question 37

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Answer 37

Wilhelm II or William II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

Question 38

Armistice

Answer 38

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

Question 39

Influenza

Answer 39

A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups.

Question 40

Fourteen Points

Answer 40

The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

Question 41

League of Nations

Answer 41

The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.

Question 42

Paris Peace Conference

Answer 42

The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918.

Question 43

Big Four

Answer 43

The Big Four is also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France.

Question 44

Reparations

Answer 44

the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.

Question 45

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 45

was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Question 46

Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 46

Henry Cabot Lodge was an American Republican Senator and historian from Massachusetts. Lodge received his PhD in history from Harvard. Lodge was a long-time friend and confidant of Theodore Roosevelt

Question 47

Arms Race

Answer 47

a competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, especially between the US and the former Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Question 48

Alliance

Answer 48

a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.