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Geology > Chapter 23 - Final Test > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Final Test Flashcards

1
Q 
1.The Himalayas today are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.volcanically active
B.seismically active
C.a place of mountain building
D.no longer tectonically active
E.B and C
A

E. B and C

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2
Q 
2.All but which of the following mountain ranges could be considered part of the Alpine chain?
A.Urals
B.Pyrenees
C.Alps
D.Atlas
E.Apennines
A

A. Urals

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3
Q 
3.The Himalayan Range formed as a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.oceanic-oceanic plate collision
B.continent-continent transform faulting
C.continent-continent collision
D.oceanic-continent collision
E.continent-ocean subduction
A

C. continent-continent collision

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4
Q 
4.The orogenic event of the North American Cordillera which began in the Late Cretaceous and extended into the Cenozoic is the \_\_\_\_\_\_ orogeny.
A.Laramide
B.Sevier
C.Nevadan
D.Antler
E.Appalachian
A

A.Laramide

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5
Q

5.The Mesozoic orogenies of the Cordillera ______.
A.progressively affected areas from west to east
B.progressively affected areas from east to west
C.involved only deformation and no magmatism
D.involved only magmatism and no deformation
E.A and C

A

A. progressively affected areas from west to east

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6
Q

6.Why is the Laramide orogeny distinctive?
A.It only lasted 10 million years.
B.It affected an area farther inland than most arc orogenies.
C.It was accompanied by large volume granitic intrusions.
D.It was accompanied by voluminous volcanism.
E.all of the above

A

B. It affected an area farther inland than most arc orogenies.

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7
Q

7.The angle of the subducted slab during the Laramide orogeny was _______.
A.very steep resulting in volcanism near the trench
B.very shallow resulting in volcanism near the trench
C.very steep causing deformation far inland
D.very shallow causing deformation far inland
E.almost vertical

A

D. very shallow causing deformation far inland

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8
Q 
8.As a result of Laramide deformation, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.intermontane valleys formed
B.a peneplain surface formed
C.a volcanic arc formed
D.the fold and thrust belt formed
E.hot spot volcanoes formed
A

A. intermontane valleys formed

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9
Q

9.The cause for cessation of Laramide deformation was a(n) _______.
A.decrease in the angle of the subducted slab
B.change from subduction to rift tectonics
C.increase in the angle of the subducted slab
D.change from subduction to transform tectonics
E. cessation of subduction

A

E. cessation of subduction

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10
Q 
10.What can the Columbia River volcanic field be described as?
A.andesitic stratovolcanoes
B.voluminous basalt lava flows
C.voluminous rhyolite tuff eruptions
D.granite batholiths
E.layered mafic intrusions
A

B. voluminous basalt lava flows

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11
Q 
11.What is the Columbia River volcanic field related to?
A.Miocene fissure eruptions
B.Eocene subduction
C.Miocene to Recent mantle plume
D.Oligocene extension
E.Miocene subduction
A

A. Miocene fissure eruptions

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12
Q 
12.The Cascade Mountain Range is formed primarily of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.basalt lava flows
B.rhyolite calderas
C.andesite composite
D.granite batholiths
E.deformed metamorphic rocks
A

C. andesite composite

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13
Q 
13.Formation of basin and range mountains is a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.thrust faulting
B.folding and faulting
C.normal faulting
D.volcanism
E.batholithic intrusions
A

C. normal faulting

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14
Q

14.During the Early Tertiary, what were the interior lowlands of the continent the site of?
A.local erosion
B.deposition in marine and terrestrial environments
C.minor volcanism
D.A and B
E.all of the above

A

E. all of the above

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15
Q 
15.The Early Tertiary sedimentary sequence of the Gulf Coastal Plain is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.a generally transgressive sequence
B.a generally regressive sequence
C.completely nonmarine
D.completely eroded away
E.generally missing
A

B. a generally regressive sequence

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16
Q

16.During the regression of the Tejas sea, deposition on the Gulf Coastal Plain was marked by what?
A.six major erosional unconformities
B.eight transgressive-regressive sequences
C.no transgressive sequences
D.one major transgression shortly after regression began
E.one major regression shortly after transgression began

A

B. eight transgressive-regressive sequences

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17
Q 
17.What can eastern North America during the Cenozoic be described as?
A.an active orogenic belt
B.an area of uplift and erosion
C.an active volcanic region
D.a flat eroded plain
E.a major marine basin
A

B. an area of uplift and erosion

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18
Q 
18.What are streams that cut across ridges called?
A.imposed drainages
B.canyons
C.superposed drainages
D.erosional streams
E.overposed canyons
A

C. superposed drainages

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19
Q 
19.When did the last ice age begin?
A.150 years ago
B.500 years ago
C.10,000 years ago
D.500,000 years ago
E.1.8 – 2.0  million years ago
A

E. 1.8 – 2.0 million years ago

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20
Q 
20.When did the present interglacial begin?
A.150 years ago
B.500 years ago
C.10,000 years ago
D.500,000 years ago
E.1.6 million years ago
A

C. 10,000 years ago

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21
Q 
21.Which of the following is not a direct or an indirect result of glaciation?
A.uplift
B.change in sea level
C.proglacial lakes
D.plate motion
E.pluvial lakes
A

D. plate motion

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22
Q 
22.Because of the large amount of weight in a glacial mass, the crust of Earth may \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.not be affected at all
B.rebound or uplift
C.subside
D.collapse into the mantle
E.melt
A

C. subside

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23
Q

23.During the maximum continental glaciation, the crust of Earth _______.
A.was depressed as much as 300 meters below modern levels
B.was depressed as much as 300 feet below modern levels
C.rose as much as 130 meters above modern levels
D.rose as much as 130 feet above modern levels
E.became partially molten

A

C.rose as much as 130 meters above modern levels

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24
Q

24.At the height of the Great Ice Age, the present desert regions of southwestern United States ______.
A.were covered with continental ice sheets
B.were drier than modern day conditions
C.had large lakes form in intermontane basins
D.were tropical rainforest environments
E.were covered with valley glaciers

A

C. had large lakes form in intermontane basins

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25
Q 
25.The abundant marine invertebrates of Cenozoic seas included all except which of the following?
A.foraminifera
B.rudists
C.radiolarians
D.corals
E.mollusks
A

B. rudists

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26
Q

26.Why might the abundance of marine diatoms be related to increased volcanism?
A.Volcanic activity resulted in decreased sunlight which affected the growth of all marine phytoplankton except diatoms.
B.Volcanic activity may have resulted in the increase in silica in seawater.
C.Increased volcanic activity warmed sea water, creating a favorable habitat for diatoms.
D.Increased volcanism caused cooling of sea water which created optimal conditions for diatom growth.

A

B. Volcanic activity may have resulted in the increase in silica in seawater

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27
Q 
27.Which of the following cephalopods did not survive the Cretaceous extinction?
A.nautiloids
B.octopus
C.squids
D.ammonites
E.pleisiosaurs
A

D. ammonites

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28
Q

28.During the Cenozoic, brachiopods ______.
A.greatly expanded their numbers and diversity
B.were greatly reduced in number of genera
C.took over habitats previously occupied by mollusks, forcing those creatures to go extinct
D.became the most important marine invertebrate phyla
E. became extinct

A

B. were greatly reduced in number of genera

29
Q 
29.By when had all existing orders of mammals evolved?
A.Oligocene time
B.Eocene time
C.Late Cretaceous time
D.Miocene time
E.Paleocene time
A

A. Oligocene time

30
Q 
30.Ungulates include orders of mammals which are all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A.three-toed
B.hoofed
C.herbivores
D.large
E.B and C
A

E. B and C

31
Q 
31.What is the mammalian fauna of the Pleistocene characterized by?
A.few species
B.gigantism
C.being geographically restricted
D.being basically identical to today
E.being much smaller than today
A

B. gigantism

32
Q

32.The evolutionary trend in mammal size during the Pleistocene could have been in response to _____.
A.global warming when there was more food available
B.cooler temperatures because large animals retain heat more efficiently
C.protection from predation of other organisms
D.increased predatory ability
E.decreased metabolic requirements

A

B. cooler temperatures because large animals retain heat more efficiently

33
Q 
33.All of the following except which are features of primates?
A.increased brain size
B.stereoscopic vision
C.opposable thumb
D.less specialized teeth
E.more specialized teeth
A

E. more specialized teeth

34
Q 
34.Which two suborders can primates be divided into?
A.prosimians and simians
B.prosimians and dessimians
C.anthropoids and proanthropoids
D.anthropoids and prosimians
E.proanthropoids and dessimians
A

D. anthropoids and prosimians

35
Q 
35.Prosimians are what?
A.aboreal
B. omnivorous
C. the oldest primate lineage
D. extinct
E. A, B, and C
A

E. A, B, and C

36
Q
  1. All except which of the following distinguish hominids from other hominoids?
    A. bipedal manner of locomotion
    B. larger brain with internal segments
    C. reduced face and canine teeth
    D. are only carnivorous eaters
    E. use and construction of sophisticated tools
A

D. are only carnivorous eaters

37
Q 
37. The development of the common features of hominids may have been in response to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. predators
B. loss of forest habitat
C. loss of grasslands habitat
D. introduction of new plant species
E. new sources of food
A

C. loss of Forrest habitat

38
Q 
38. The major distinction between Homo erectus and modern humans is that modern humans \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. are bipedal
B. have longer arms
C.are tool users
D. have a larger brain size
E. are primates
A

D. have a larger brain size

39
Q
  1. What did the extinction at the end of the Pleistocene affect?
    A. only marine organisms
    B. terrestrial mammals weighing more than 40 Kg
    C. terrestrial mammals weighing less than 40 Kg
    D. marine mammals weighing more than 40 Kg
    E. all mammal groups equally
A

B. terrestrial mammals weighing more than 40 Kg

40
Q
  1. During the Neanderthal era, what was climate characterized by?
    A. balmy pleasant weather year-round
    B. stifling hot summers and mild winters
    C. long, frigid winters and short summers
    D. temperatures extremes, frigid winters and hot summers
    E. the same types of temperatures in the same places seen today
A

C. long, frigid winters and short summers

41
Q

The convergence of the Cocos and Nazca plates produced the Cascade volcanoes.

A

False

42
Q

The present day Appalachian Mountains are the product of Cenozoic subduction and orogeny.

A

True

43
Q

The North American Cordillera was only active in the Mesozoic and has a very simple deformational history.

A

False

44
Q

The Colorado Plateau has many deep canyons due to downcutting by rivers.

A

True

45
Q

The Colorado Plateau has been affected by Cordilleran orogenic events.

A

True

46
Q

The present topography of the Appalachians was formed by erosion during the Mesozoic.

A

False

47
Q

The Atlantic margin of North America has been a passive trailing margin since the early Mesozoic.

A

True

48
Q

There is evidence to suggest that the world’s global cooling trend began in the Eocene and continued through the Pleistocene.

A

True

49
Q

The Great Salt Lake in Utah is the only pluvial lake which remains at the size it was during the Wisconsin glacial stage.

A

False

50
Q

Tertiary reservoirs of the Gulf Coastal Plain and southern California are important in U.S. petroleum production.

A

True

51
Q

The United States ranks first in global petroleum production.

A

True

52
Q

Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age, coal deposits were higher grade coal than the Pennsylvanian age deposits found in the eastern United States.

A

False

53
Q

Pleistocene sand and gravel deposits are related to large volume runoff in interglacial epochs.

A

True

54
Q

Evaporation of pluvial lakes formed thick sand and gravel deposits.

A

False

55
Q

Evaporite deposits formed as a result of the drying up of large pluvial lakes in the western United States.

A

True

56
Q

The greatest percentage of all mammals is marsupials.

A

False

57
Q

The adaptive radiation that led to evolution of diverse placental mammals began in the Late Cretaceous.

A

True

58
Q

Ungulates that eat leaves, shoots, and twigs are called browsers.

A

Ture

59
Q

The evolution of the horse involved major changes from Hyracotherium, including increase in size and development of one toe.

A

True

60
Q

A. africanus appeared about 3.0 million years ago and is very similar to A. afarensis except for a few minor details.

A

True

61
Q

The oldest hominids belong to the genus Homo.

A

True

62
Q

The oldest known fossil of the genus Homo is from rocks about 3.5 million years old.

A

False

63
Q

What percent of Nitrogen, Oxygen and C02 is the earths atmosphere?

A

N2 = 78%, 02= 21% and CO2 is 400 ppm

64
Q

What are the sources of CO2 in the earths atmosphere?

A

Nature: Volcanoes, Decomposition and combustion = 1%
Anthropogenic: Human Origin and fossil fuels

65
Q

Interglacial and glacial CO2 levels rose and fell between how many parts per million before the industrial revolution?

A

100 & 200

66
Q

What was the average temperature swing between interglacial and glacial episodes?

A

+- 7degrees Celsius or 12degrees F

67
Q

When did the industrial revolution begin?

A

1780

68
Q

What advent begin to pump CO2 into the atmosphere?

A

The steam engine in 1712

Geology (2 decks)

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