Chapter 23 - Final Test Flashcards
1.The Himalayas today are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.volcanically active B.seismically active C.a place of mountain building D.no longer tectonically active E.B and C
E. B and C
2.All but which of the following mountain ranges could be considered part of the Alpine chain? A.Urals B.Pyrenees C.Alps D.Atlas E.Apennines
A. Urals
3.The Himalayan Range formed as a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_. A.oceanic-oceanic plate collision B.continent-continent transform faulting C.continent-continent collision D.oceanic-continent collision E.continent-ocean subduction
C. continent-continent collision
4.The orogenic event of the North American Cordillera which began in the Late Cretaceous and extended into the Cenozoic is the \_\_\_\_\_\_ orogeny. A.Laramide B.Sevier C.Nevadan D.Antler E.Appalachian
A.Laramide
5.The Mesozoic orogenies of the Cordillera ______.
A.progressively affected areas from west to east
B.progressively affected areas from east to west
C.involved only deformation and no magmatism
D.involved only magmatism and no deformation
E.A and C
A. progressively affected areas from west to east
6.Why is the Laramide orogeny distinctive?
A.It only lasted 10 million years.
B.It affected an area farther inland than most arc orogenies.
C.It was accompanied by large volume granitic intrusions.
D.It was accompanied by voluminous volcanism.
E.all of the above
B. It affected an area farther inland than most arc orogenies.
7.The angle of the subducted slab during the Laramide orogeny was _______.
A.very steep resulting in volcanism near the trench
B.very shallow resulting in volcanism near the trench
C.very steep causing deformation far inland
D.very shallow causing deformation far inland
E.almost vertical
D. very shallow causing deformation far inland
8.As a result of Laramide deformation, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.intermontane valleys formed B.a peneplain surface formed C.a volcanic arc formed D.the fold and thrust belt formed E.hot spot volcanoes formed
A. intermontane valleys formed
9.The cause for cessation of Laramide deformation was a(n) _______.
A.decrease in the angle of the subducted slab
B.change from subduction to rift tectonics
C.increase in the angle of the subducted slab
D.change from subduction to transform tectonics
E. cessation of subduction
E. cessation of subduction
10.What can the Columbia River volcanic field be described as? A.andesitic stratovolcanoes B.voluminous basalt lava flows C.voluminous rhyolite tuff eruptions D.granite batholiths E.layered mafic intrusions
B. voluminous basalt lava flows
11.What is the Columbia River volcanic field related to? A.Miocene fissure eruptions B.Eocene subduction C.Miocene to Recent mantle plume D.Oligocene extension E.Miocene subduction
A. Miocene fissure eruptions
12.The Cascade Mountain Range is formed primarily of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.basalt lava flows B.rhyolite calderas C.andesite composite D.granite batholiths E.deformed metamorphic rocks
C. andesite composite
13.Formation of basin and range mountains is a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.thrust faulting B.folding and faulting C.normal faulting D.volcanism E.batholithic intrusions
C. normal faulting
14.During the Early Tertiary, what were the interior lowlands of the continent the site of?
A.local erosion
B.deposition in marine and terrestrial environments
C.minor volcanism
D.A and B
E.all of the above
E. all of the above
15.The Early Tertiary sedimentary sequence of the Gulf Coastal Plain is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.a generally transgressive sequence B.a generally regressive sequence C.completely nonmarine D.completely eroded away E.generally missing
B. a generally regressive sequence
16.During the regression of the Tejas sea, deposition on the Gulf Coastal Plain was marked by what?
A.six major erosional unconformities
B.eight transgressive-regressive sequences
C.no transgressive sequences
D.one major transgression shortly after regression began
E.one major regression shortly after transgression began
B. eight transgressive-regressive sequences
17.What can eastern North America during the Cenozoic be described as? A.an active orogenic belt B.an area of uplift and erosion C.an active volcanic region D.a flat eroded plain E.a major marine basin
B. an area of uplift and erosion
18.What are streams that cut across ridges called? A.imposed drainages B.canyons C.superposed drainages D.erosional streams E.overposed canyons
C. superposed drainages
19.When did the last ice age begin? A.150 years ago B.500 years ago C.10,000 years ago D.500,000 years ago E.1.8 – 2.0 million years ago
E. 1.8 – 2.0 million years ago
20.When did the present interglacial begin? A.150 years ago B.500 years ago C.10,000 years ago D.500,000 years ago E.1.6 million years ago
C. 10,000 years ago
21.Which of the following is not a direct or an indirect result of glaciation? A.uplift B.change in sea level C.proglacial lakes D.plate motion E.pluvial lakes
D. plate motion
22.Because of the large amount of weight in a glacial mass, the crust of Earth may \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.not be affected at all B.rebound or uplift C.subside D.collapse into the mantle E.melt
C. subside
23.During the maximum continental glaciation, the crust of Earth _______.
A.was depressed as much as 300 meters below modern levels
B.was depressed as much as 300 feet below modern levels
C.rose as much as 130 meters above modern levels
D.rose as much as 130 feet above modern levels
E.became partially molten
C.rose as much as 130 meters above modern levels
24.At the height of the Great Ice Age, the present desert regions of southwestern United States ______.
A.were covered with continental ice sheets
B.were drier than modern day conditions
C.had large lakes form in intermontane basins
D.were tropical rainforest environments
E.were covered with valley glaciers
C. had large lakes form in intermontane basins
25.The abundant marine invertebrates of Cenozoic seas included all except which of the following? A.foraminifera B.rudists C.radiolarians D.corals E.mollusks
B. rudists
26.Why might the abundance of marine diatoms be related to increased volcanism?
A.Volcanic activity resulted in decreased sunlight which affected the growth of all marine phytoplankton except diatoms.
B.Volcanic activity may have resulted in the increase in silica in seawater.
C.Increased volcanic activity warmed sea water, creating a favorable habitat for diatoms.
D.Increased volcanism caused cooling of sea water which created optimal conditions for diatom growth.
B. Volcanic activity may have resulted in the increase in silica in seawater
27.Which of the following cephalopods did not survive the Cretaceous extinction? A.nautiloids B.octopus C.squids D.ammonites E.pleisiosaurs
D. ammonites
28.During the Cenozoic, brachiopods ______.
A.greatly expanded their numbers and diversity
B.were greatly reduced in number of genera
C.took over habitats previously occupied by mollusks, forcing those creatures to go extinct
D.became the most important marine invertebrate phyla
E. became extinct
B. were greatly reduced in number of genera
29.By when had all existing orders of mammals evolved? A.Oligocene time B.Eocene time C.Late Cretaceous time D.Miocene time E.Paleocene time
A. Oligocene time
30.Ungulates include orders of mammals which are all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A.three-toed B.hoofed C.herbivores D.large E.B and C
E. B and C
31.What is the mammalian fauna of the Pleistocene characterized by? A.few species B.gigantism C.being geographically restricted D.being basically identical to today E.being much smaller than today
B. gigantism
32.The evolutionary trend in mammal size during the Pleistocene could have been in response to _____.
A.global warming when there was more food available
B.cooler temperatures because large animals retain heat more efficiently
C.protection from predation of other organisms
D.increased predatory ability
E.decreased metabolic requirements
B. cooler temperatures because large animals retain heat more efficiently
33.All of the following except which are features of primates? A.increased brain size B.stereoscopic vision C.opposable thumb D.less specialized teeth E.more specialized teeth
E. more specialized teeth
34.Which two suborders can primates be divided into? A.prosimians and simians B.prosimians and dessimians C.anthropoids and proanthropoids D.anthropoids and prosimians E.proanthropoids and dessimians
D. anthropoids and prosimians
35.Prosimians are what? A.aboreal B. omnivorous C. the oldest primate lineage D. extinct E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
- All except which of the following distinguish hominids from other hominoids?
A. bipedal manner of locomotion
B. larger brain with internal segments
C. reduced face and canine teeth
D. are only carnivorous eaters
E. use and construction of sophisticated tools
D. are only carnivorous eaters
37. The development of the common features of hominids may have been in response to \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. predators B. loss of forest habitat C. loss of grasslands habitat D. introduction of new plant species E. new sources of food
C. loss of Forrest habitat
38. The major distinction between Homo erectus and modern humans is that modern humans \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. are bipedal B. have longer arms C.are tool users D. have a larger brain size E. are primates
D. have a larger brain size
- What did the extinction at the end of the Pleistocene affect?
A. only marine organisms
B. terrestrial mammals weighing more than 40 Kg
C. terrestrial mammals weighing less than 40 Kg
D. marine mammals weighing more than 40 Kg
E. all mammal groups equally
B. terrestrial mammals weighing more than 40 Kg
- During the Neanderthal era, what was climate characterized by?
A. balmy pleasant weather year-round
B. stifling hot summers and mild winters
C. long, frigid winters and short summers
D. temperatures extremes, frigid winters and hot summers
E. the same types of temperatures in the same places seen today
C. long, frigid winters and short summers
The convergence of the Cocos and Nazca plates produced the Cascade volcanoes.
False
The present day Appalachian Mountains are the product of Cenozoic subduction and orogeny.
True
The North American Cordillera was only active in the Mesozoic and has a very simple deformational history.
False
The Colorado Plateau has many deep canyons due to downcutting by rivers.
True
The Colorado Plateau has been affected by Cordilleran orogenic events.
True
The present topography of the Appalachians was formed by erosion during the Mesozoic.
False
The Atlantic margin of North America has been a passive trailing margin since the early Mesozoic.
True
There is evidence to suggest that the world’s global cooling trend began in the Eocene and continued through the Pleistocene.
True
The Great Salt Lake in Utah is the only pluvial lake which remains at the size it was during the Wisconsin glacial stage.
False
Tertiary reservoirs of the Gulf Coastal Plain and southern California are important in U.S. petroleum production.
True
The United States ranks first in global petroleum production.
True
Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age, coal deposits were higher grade coal than the Pennsylvanian age deposits found in the eastern United States.
False
Pleistocene sand and gravel deposits are related to large volume runoff in interglacial epochs.
True
Evaporation of pluvial lakes formed thick sand and gravel deposits.
False
Evaporite deposits formed as a result of the drying up of large pluvial lakes in the western United States.
True
The greatest percentage of all mammals is marsupials.
False
The adaptive radiation that led to evolution of diverse placental mammals began in the Late Cretaceous.
True
Ungulates that eat leaves, shoots, and twigs are called browsers.
Ture
The evolution of the horse involved major changes from Hyracotherium, including increase in size and development of one toe.
True
A. africanus appeared about 3.0 million years ago and is very similar to A. afarensis except for a few minor details.
True
The oldest hominids belong to the genus Homo.
True
The oldest known fossil of the genus Homo is from rocks about 3.5 million years old.
False
What percent of Nitrogen, Oxygen and C02 is the earths atmosphere?
N2 = 78%, 02= 21% and CO2 is 400 ppm
What are the sources of CO2 in the earths atmosphere?
Nature: Volcanoes, Decomposition and combustion = 1%
Anthropogenic: Human Origin and fossil fuels
Interglacial and glacial CO2 levels rose and fell between how many parts per million before the industrial revolution?
100 & 200
What was the average temperature swing between interglacial and glacial episodes?
+- 7degrees Celsius or 12degrees F
When did the industrial revolution begin?
1780
What advent begin to pump CO2 into the atmosphere?
The steam engine in 1712
