Chapter 23 - Asepsis and Infection Control

Question 1

Major concern for health practitioners

Answer 1

Danger of spreading microorganisms from person to person and from place to place

Question 2

A U.S. government agency responsible for investigating, preventing, and controlling disease.

Answer 2

CENTER FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL (CDC)

Question 3

Major focus for nurses

Answer 3

Prevention of infection

Question 4

Disease state that results from the presence of pathogens

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

What are pathogens?

Answer 5

disease-producing microorganisms

Question 6

What are the six components of infection?

Answer 6

Infectious agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit, Means of transmission, Portals of entry, Susceptible host.

Question 7

What is a bacteria

Answer 7

The most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agent.

Question 8

Shapes of bacteria

Answer 8

Spherical (cocci), Rod-shaped (bacilli), Corkscrew (spirochetes).

Question 9

Aerobic bacteria

Answer 9

Require oxygen to live and grow

Question 10

Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 10

Can live without oxygen

Question 11

Virus

Answer 11

smallest of all microorganisms, visible only with an electron bacteria.

Question 12

Antibiotics have…

Answer 12

no effect on viruses

Question 13

plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that also can cause infection, are present in the air, soil, and water.

Answer 13

Fungi

Question 14

Treatment for fungi

Answer 14

anti fungal medications

Question 15

organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment

Answer 15

Parasites

Question 16

occurs with predictability in one specific region or population can appear in a different geographic location

Answer 16

Endemic

Question 17

Normal flora

Answer 17

part of the body’s natural defense system

Question 18

Bacteria that normally cause no problem, but with certain factors may potentially be harmful in susceptible people

Answer 18

Opportunists

Question 19

Organisms that reside in a person’s body but show no clinical signs of an infection are referred to as…

Answer 19

Colonization

Question 20

Mosquitoes, ticks, and lice are nonhuman carries that transmit organisms from one host to another by injecting salivary fluid when a human bite occurs

Answer 20

Vectors

Question 21

Airborne Transmission

Answer 21

host coughs, sneezes, or talks when the organism becomes attached to dust particles.

Question 22

Droplet Transmission

Answer 22

droplet particles similar to airborne but greater than 5 mcm.

Question 23

Common portals for organism entry and exit

Answer 23

Respiratory, GI tracts, GU tracts, and Skin

Question 24

Phases of Infection

Answer 24

Incubation Period,
Prodromal Stage,
Full Stage of illness,
Convalescent Period

Question 25

Indication of inflammation

Answer 25

Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)