chapter 23 Flashcards
Gametophyte
multicellular haploid individual that produces gametes by mitosis.
Sporangia
the capsule saclike structure belonging to many plants in which reproductive spores are produced and stored.
Spores
a haploid reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell.
Vascular tissue
consists of cells joined into tubes that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Dioecious
is plants that either have male or female reproductive organs.
Monoecious
plants with both and female and male reproductive structures.
Stomata
a pore that’s surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange.
What do plants and algae have in common?
algae and plants are in the same clade,
the ancestors of plants were most closely related to algae,
important to the evolution of plants, algae protect the zygote
Explain what mechanisms are used by plants to…
Minimize and prevent dehydration and desiccation
Waxy covering called a cuticle protects most land plants from desiccation.
Explain what mechanisms are used by plants to…
Move water and nutrients against gravity.
To move water against the force of water many plants have tracheid’s, (specialized cells with proteins that resist gravity and facilitate the upward transport of water and minerals)
Explain what mechanisms are used by plants to…
Protect embryos (seeds)
Seed coat and stored food allow an embryo to survive harsh conditions
Explain what mechanisms are used by plants to…
Prevent UV light damage.
To reduce the effects of UV radiation, plants have both a haploid and diploid generation.
Were the first to colonize the land.
Nonvascular
Do not have true roots, stems and leaves?
Nonvascular
Contain Lycophytes (small leaves and single unbranched vein)
seedless vascular
Contain Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Seeded vascular
Found in Antarctica and tropics
seedless vascular
Contains mosses and be used as biofuel.
Nonvascular
Gymnosperms
the ovules are not completely enclosed by sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.
angiosperms
the ovules are completely enclosed within diploid sporophyte tissue (ovary), which becomes some fruit.
Which one is more common? G or A
Angiosperms are most common.
Which one lacks vascular tissue? G or A
Gymnosperm lack vascular tissue.
What regions are horsetails located?
Most horsetails inhabit wet, marshy environments
What regions are Cycads located?
Cycads are located in hot regions.
Four extant groups of gymnosperms
1.Conifers
2.Cycads
3.Ginkgoes
4.Gnophytes
List the characteristics of cycads.
Pollen and seed cones are on separate plants.
Pollinated by insects rather than wind.
Plentiful in Mesozoic era at the time of the dinosaurs.
