Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eldelman’s Workbook Chapter 23 & 24 :!: > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are four commonly accepted principles of health care ethics?

A
  1. Respect for autonomy.
  2. Non maleficence.
    3.Beneficence.
    4.Justice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is respect for autonomy?

A

Respect for autonomy means that the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding and with free will. In which the principle is based on informed consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is non-maleficence?

A

The principle of non-maleficence requires that we avoid needless harm or injury to the patient, whether by action or inaction. Imposing careless or unresonable risk of harm on a person is negligence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does non-maleficence require?

A

Non-maleficence requires medical competence. In some cases, medical mistakes do happen, however the principle reinforces the commitment of health care professionals to protect patients from harm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is beneficence?

A

The action in which health care providers should benefit the patient. This duty extends from individuals patients to our entire community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does beneficence include?

A

It includes improving a patient’s health, as well as preventing disease in the general populatio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Informed consent is the process by which patients are educated about the essentials of a medical procedure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is informed consent important?

A

This process allows patients to make an informed, educated, and voluntary decision about the health care they are to receive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most important goal of informed consent?

A

The most important goal fro informed consent is for patients to have an opportunity to be a knowledgeable participant in their health care decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does complete informed consent includes?

A

-The nature of the procedure.
-Reasonable alternatives.
- The risks, benefits, and uncertainties related to each alternative.
- Assessment of patient’s understanding.
- The patient’s acceptance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the criteria in which the patients informed consent is valid?

A

Patient must be considered competent to make the decision and the consent must be voluntary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some instances in which the patients competency can be questioned?

A
  • If a patient is under the age of 18 years old.
  • The patient is incapacitated, or incapable of providing consent.
  • If the patient does not speak English.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If a patient is under the age of 18 years old who provides consent?

A

The patients guardian.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the patient is incapacitated, or incapable of providing consent. Who will provide consent?

A

The patient’s guardian or surrogate decision maker must provide consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If the patient does not speak English, how is consent obtained?

A

A translator may be used in order to obtain consent. It is preferable that the translator be hospital approved. However, a bilingual family member or another person can translate as long as the patient has signed a HIPAA compliant release form. Only the patient can provide consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is it called when the patients want to withdraw their previous content?

A

Revocation of consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

with revocation of consent, what should the sonographer do?

A

Sonographer must..
> respect the patient’s wishes to withdraw the previous consent
> stop the exam without causing harm and risk to the patient

18
Q

During the first meeting with patient, what should the sonographer do?

A

1
> respect the patient
> introduce yourself
> describe the procedure
> explain your role in the procedure

  1. identify the patient (wrist band ID, full name or birth date)
19
Q

If the sonographer is unable to identify the sedated patient, what should you do?

A

call the nurse!

20
Q

T / F
In the case that the sonographer cannot identify the patient, it is best and safe practice for both the patient and the sonographer if the sonographer cancels the appointment and reschedule the study.

A

FALSE!

21
Q

In order to properly interpret the findings, the sonographers must be…?

A

sonographers must be
> knowledgeable of normal & abnormal findings
> be aware & follow department guidelines

22
Q

the sonographer reports ______________ findings to the physician

A

PRELIMINARY findings

23
Q

T / F
After the study, the patient asks the sonographer, “Does everything look ok?” It was a simple study. Everything looks good. So, it is ok for the sonographer tells the patient the good news to ease his/her worries.

A

FALSE!
> NO unauthorized practice of medicine
> NO discuss, interpretation of findings with patient
It is PRELIMINARY findings and out of your scope of practice! so sshhh zip zip

24
Q

define patient DIGNITY

A

patient DIGNITY = the quality of being worthy, honored or esteemed.
> includes patient’s perception of being in control and having self worth

25
Q

What conditions would consider as patient vulunerable or loss of dignity?

A

> advanced age
lack of privacy
infirmity (physical or mental weakness)

26
Q

define ERGONOMICS

A

the study of people’s efficiency in their working environment

27
Q

What is the most common injuries occurred with sonographers that could possibly end their career?

A

musculoskeletal injuries

28
Q

What are the two associations that provide guidelines to reduce and prevent musculoskeletal injuries?

A

OSHA - occupational safety and health administration
SDMS - society of diagnostic medical sonography

29
Q

(6) causes on injuries?

A
  1. repetitive motions
  2. forceful, awkward movements
  3. poor posture
  4. improper position
  5. strain
  6. pressure on joints
30
Q

What are some ergonomic devices that can help sonographers to prolong their career?

A
  1. wrist support brances
  2. adaptive support cushions
  3. cable braces for machines
  4. ergonomic transducer
  5. adjustable chair
  6. adjustable patient bed
  7. control panel and monitor articulation
  8. educational programs
  9. exercise protocols
31
Q

what are some best practices that sonographers should do to reduce musculoskeletal injuries?

A
  1. keep arms close to body
  2. stay close to patient
  3. keep monitor in front, at eye level
  4. avoid twisting, bending over
  5. hold probe with whole hand/palmer grip, instead of using fingers/pinching grip
  6. foot support
  7. keep wrist and body at neutral position
32
Q

what is effective patient scheduling?

A

> DON’T schedule same type of exam back-to-back
limit a set amount of schedule per day, NO overloading
include non-scanning activities between studies

33
Q

define STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

A

a set of guidelines to minimize the exposure and risk of health care workers when in contact with patient

34
Q

under standard precautions, sonographers should assume that all patients are what?

A

all patients are POTENTIAL INFECTIOUS

35
Q

standard precaution apply to….? what conditions

A

> all body fluids
secretion
excretion
mucous membranes
airborne particles
nonintact skin
soiled materials

36
Q

under standard precautions, what is the minimum protection should the sonographers have?

A

PPE - gloves, gown, face masks, eye wear

37
Q

What is the ratio of sonographers with musculoskeletal injuries?

A

3 out of 4

38
Q

What is justice for equals?

A

Everyone qualifies for equal treatment, regardless of age, gender, educational background, and other factors as well.

39
Q

Can sonographers give interpretation of the exam?

A

No, sonograohers should refrain from discussing findings of the exam with patients. This should be done by doctors only and in some states this is even considered malpractice.

40
Q

What is nonmaleficence?

A

Avoidance of unnecessary risk, harm, or needless injury.

41
Q

Is sedation associated with patient’s lack of dignity?

A

No, it is not associated with lack of dignity. It only affects a patient’s dignity when it harms their value or worthy.

42
Q

How many percent of sonograohers experience musculoskeletal pain due to work related?

A

80% percent experience it and even approximately 20% will end their career due to it.

Eldelman’s Workbook Chapter 23 & 24 :!: (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions