Chapter 22: Transition Metals and Coordinate Compounds

Question 1

Ionizing Transition Metal Atoms

Answer 1

When removing an electron from metal atoms, electrons are removed from the 4s orbital first, not the 3d orbital
If there are remaining electrons in the s orbital, they will be moved to the d orbital
Even though the 4s orbitals start at a lower energy chan 3d, the orbital energies flip after you start removing electrons
After ionization, all valence electrons fall into d- orbitals

Question 2

Color

Answer 2

Transition metals are what gives us color

Question 3

Coordination compound

Answer 3

Covalent
Ionic
Metallic
Metal-Ligand

Question 4

Bond Type: Covalent

Answer 4

Top P block
Atoms involved: Nonmetals
Properties: Strong, shared electrons

Question 5

Bond Type: Ionic

Answer 5

Atoms involved: Metal + nonmetal

Properties: strong, no Sharing

Question 6

Bond Type: Metallic

Answer 6

Atoms Involved: Metal + metal

Properties: Strong, complete sharing

Question 7

Bond Type: Metal-Ligand

Answer 7

Atoms involved: Transition Metal + nonmetal

Properties: Weak, Partial sharing

Question 8

Ligand

Answer 8

Anything with a lone pair
Can be neutral or anionic
Cations don’t bond to other cations

Question 9

How Metal - Ligand Bonds Form

Answer 9

Metal Ion electron deficient (Lewis acid) ← Ligand ion electron rich (Lewis base)
M2+ ← Cl-
Electron rich things stick to electron poor things (Lewis Acid/ Base Adduct)

Question 10

Formulas for Coordination Compounds: Neutral

Answer 10

1. The metal is written first
2. Ligand formulas or abbreviations are written after metal in alphabetical order
3. If the ligand is made up of more than one atom, put it in parentheses, and indicate howmany are with a subscript outside the parentheses

Question 11

Formulasfor Coordination Compounds: Charged

Answer 11

1. The full ionic compound is written with the Caton (+) first, followed by the anion (-)
2. The complex ion that contains the transition metal is written inside square brackets
3. Inside the brackets, use the rules for neutral compounds

Question 12

Determining Metal Oxidation Number

Answer 12

Treat metal compounds like ionic compounds

Charge of transition metal+ Charge of others= Total Charge

Question 13

Ligand Types

Answer 13

Monodentate
Bidentate
Tetradentate
Hexadentate

Question 14

Denticity

Answer 14

The number of atoms on a single ligand molecule that can bind to a metal

Question 15

Monodentate

Answer 15

Number of Sites: 1

Examples: Water, ammonia

Question 16

Bidentate

Answer 16

Number of sites: 2

Examples: ethylenediamine (en), phenanthroline (phen)

Question 17

Tetradentate

Answer 17

Number of sites: 4

Examples: porphyrin

Question 18

Hexadentate

Answer 18

Number of Sites: 6

Examples: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Question 19

Tetrahedral

Answer 19

Metal + 4 ligand atoms

Question 20

Octahedral

Answer 20

Metal + 6 ligand atoms

Question 21

Hybrid Orbital Theory

Answer 21

Atomic orbitals morph into identical hybrid orbitals to form valence bonds
Wrong !!!