Chapter 22 The Basic Unit Of Life - Cells

Question 0

Organism

Answer 0

Individual living thing, such as a plant or an animal

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of life and living things

Question 2

Five features of living things

Answer 2

1. Use energy
2. Develop and grow
3. Maintain themselves
4. Reproduce
5. Evolve

Question 3

Four kinds of macromolecules

Answer 3

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Store energy in living things . Some provide structure

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

Not soluble in water. Store energy for long periods of time and release more energy

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

Provide structure, allow muscles to move, and carry oxygen through the body. Made up of amino acids. ( only 20 amino acids )

Question 7

Nucleic acids

Answer 7

Store genetic information called DNA and RNA in living organisms. Strands made up of sugar-phosphates and a series if nitrogenous bases

Question 8

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 8

• adenine
• guanine
• thymine
• cytosine

Question 9

Cells

Answer 9

Basic unit of all living things

Question 10

Two types of cells

Answer 10

1. Prokaryotes

2. Eukaryotes

Question 11

Differences between pro. and eu.

Answer 11

Pro has no nucleus , has been around longer, typically smaller. Have an outer cell wall. Are only bacteria. Eu is the opposite . Eu have organelles. Store DNA in nucleus

Question 12

Organelles

Answer 12

Structures that have specific functions in the cell

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

Circular or linear structures

Question 14

Light microscopes

Answer 14

Sending light to a specimen and then through several lenses. The lense refract the light magnifying the image of the specimen . Magnify (10-6m) in size

Question 15

Electron microscopes

Answer 15

Electron beans are directed to the specimen. Electric and magnetic fields are used to focus the beam and magnify images . Magnify a (10-9m) in size .

Question 16

Cell membrane

Answer 16

Separate the inside from the outside of the cell. Controls what goes in and out

Question 17

Cell wall

Answer 17

Plants have a rigid cell wall . Animals have no cell wall. The cell wall helps protect and support the plant cell

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

A structure that contains the cell’s DNA .

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

Out the nucleus . Crisscross end by numerous fibers . Contains many organelles

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

Helps hold the shape of the cell.

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

Build protein . Some are attached to the RER

Question 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Some of the cell’a proteins are assembled here.

Question 23

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

Builds membrane

Question 24

Golgi apparatus

Answer 24

Called the ‘post office ‘ . Revivers products from the endoplasmic reticulum , modifies them, and then packages them for delivery.

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

In animal cells, break down organic molecules . Called ‘garbage disposals’

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

Obtains energy for cells to use . They break down food molecules .

Question 27

Chloroplast

Answer 27

In plant cells captures energy from sunlight to build organic molecules

Question 28

Vacuole or vesicles

Answer 28

Stores materials such as water or nutrients

Question 29

The cell membrane three molecules

Answer 29

1. Phospholipids
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydrates

Question 30

Phospholipids

Answer 30

Molecules with ‘heads’ and ‘tails’. The heads are hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic .

Question 31

Hydrophilic heads

Answer 31

Are attached to the watery environment inside and iutside the cell.

Question 32

Hydrophobic

Answer 32

Stay away from the watery environment

Question 33

Proteins = membrane proteins

Answer 33

Do multiple things such as transporting molecules in and out if the cells. Other help control the reactions that occur in cells . Others help cells communicate with each other

Question 34

Carbohydrates

Answer 34

Are attached to the membrane proteins and phospholipids on the outer surface of the cell membrane. Allow different cells to recognize each other.