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Chemistry Inorganic 2 > Chapter 22 (Periodicity) > Flashcards

Chapter 22 (Periodicity) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the observation when sodium reacts with cold water?

A

Fizzes around on surface

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2
Q

What is the equation for when sodium reacts with water?

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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3
Q

What is the equation for when magnesium reacts with cold water?

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) > Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

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4
Q

What is the equation for when magnesium reacts with steam?

A

Mg(s) + H2O(g) > MgO(s) + H2(g)

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5
Q

What is the equation and observation when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

4Na(s) + O2(g) > 2Na2O(s)

Burns with yellow flame and produces a white solid.

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6
Q

What is the equation and observation when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

2Mg(s) +O2(g) > 2MgO(s)

Burns with a white flame and a white solid.

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7
Q

What is the equation and observation when aluminium reacts with oxygen?

A

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) > 2Al2O3(s)

Burns with a white flame and a white solid.

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8
Q

What is the equation and observation when silicon reacts with oxygen?

A

Si(s) + O2(g) > SiO2(s)

Burns with a white flame and a white solid.

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9
Q

What is the equation and observation when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

A

4P(s) + 5O2(g) > P4O10(s)

Burns with a white flame and a white solid.

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10
Q

What is the equation and observation when sulphur reacts with oxygen?

A

S(s) + O2(g) > SO2(g)

Burns with a blue flame to form an acidic chocking gas.

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11
Q

Describe giant ionic bonding in metal oxides and why they have high melting and boiling points

A

Strong forces of attraction between ions so have a high melting point. Ionic because of large difference in electronegativity between metal and oxygen.

Larger the charge on the cation the stronger the ionic forces.

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12
Q

Why does Al2O3 show some covalent characteristics?

A

There is a smaller electronegativity difference between the atoms. The small aluminium atom has a high charge and is able to get close to the oxide ion and distort the oxide charge cloud.

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13
Q

How do you prove that some compounds contain ions?

A

Melt the solids and show that they can conduct electricity.

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14
Q

Describe why macromolecules e.g. SiO2 have very high melting and boiling points

A

It has many strong covalent bonds between atoms. High energy needs to break the many strong covalent bonds.

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15
Q

Describe the IMF and bonding in simple molecular oxides e.g. P4O10, SO2 and why they have low melting and boiling points

A

They have weak intermolecular forces of Van der Waals and permanent dipole. They are covalent because they have a small electronegativity difference between non-metal and oxygen atoms.

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16
Q

Describe why P4O10 has a higher melting point than SO2

A

It is a bigger molecule and has more electrons so has a larger surface area for intermolecular forces to act on so larger Van der Waals forces.

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17
Q

Why does aluminium oxide not corrode?

A

The high lattice strength of aluminium oxide and its insolubility in water make it impermeable to air and water.

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18
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of sodium oxide and water and what is the pH?

A

NaO2(s) + H2O(l) > 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

pH 14

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19
Q

Why are ionic oxides basic?

A

The oxide ions accept protons to become hydroxide ions in this reaction.

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20
Q

Why is Mg(OH)2 only slightly soluble in water?

A

Its lattice is stronger so fewer OH- ions are produced.

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21
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium oxide and water and what is the pH?

A

MgO(s) + H2O(l) > Mg2+ + 2OH-

pH 10 (lower than sodium oxide as fewer OH- ions are produced)

22
Q

Why do Al2O3 and SiO2 not dissolve in water?

A

Al2O3 has a strong ionic lattice.

SiO2 is a macromolecular structure with strong covalent bonds.

23
Q

Why is MgO better for treating acidic rivers and the stomach than NaOH?

A

It is sparingly soluble and weakly alkaline so using an excess would not make the water excessively alkaline.

24
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between phosphorus pentoxide and water and what is the pH?

A

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) > 4 H3PO4(aq)

pH 10

25
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulphur dioxide and water and what is the pH?

A

SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(aq)

pH 3

26
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulphur trioxide and water and what is the pH?

A

SO3(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO4(aq)

pH 0

27
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between sulphur trioxide and water?

A

SO3 + H2O > H+ + HSO4-

28
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between sulphur dioxide and water?

A

SO2 + H2O > H+ + HSO3-

29
Q

Which oxide can act as both a base and an alkali?

A

Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)

30
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

Na2O(s) + 2HCl(aq) > 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

31
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and sulphuric acid?

A

NaO2(s) + H2SO4(aq) > Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

32
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) > MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

33
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

MgO (s) + 2 H+ (aq) > Mg2+ (aq) + H2O (l)

34
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and sulphuric/hydrochloric acid?

A

Na2O (s) + 2H+ (aq) > 2Na+ (aq) + H2O (l)

35
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction of acids and bases?

A

Acid + Base > Salt + Water

36
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and sulphuric acid?

A

Al2O3(s)+ 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

37
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) > 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

38
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and acid?

A

Al2O3 + 6H+ > 2Al3+ + 3H2O

39
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) > 2NaAl(OH)4

40
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide, sodium hydroxide and water?

A

Al2O3(s) + 2OH-(aq) + 3H2O(l) > 2Al2(OH)4-(aq)

41
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

P4O10(s) + 12NaOH(aq) > 4Na3PO4(aq) + 6H2O(l)

42
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with sodium oxide?

A

P4O10 + 6Na2O > 4Na3PO4

43
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of sulphur dioxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

SO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) > Na2SO3(aq) + H2O

44
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of sulphur trioxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

SO3 (g) + 2NaOH(aq) > Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

45
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

P4O10 (s) + 12 OH- (aq) > 4PO4 3-(aq) + 6 H2O (l)

46
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of sulphur dioxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

SO2 (g) + 2OH- (aq) > SO32- (aq) + H2O (l)

47
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of sulphur trioxide with sodium hydroxide?

A

SO3 (g) + 2OH- (aq) > SO42- (aq) + H2O (l)

48
Q

What is the equation for the reaction with silicon oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

2NaOH (l) + SiO2 (s) > Na2SiO3 (aq) + H2O

49
Q

How do you stop sodium and phosphorus coming into contact with air?

A

Sodium stored under oil and phosphorus stored under water.

50
Q

Write an equation for the reaction between phosphorus oxide and magnesium oxide

A

P4O10 + 6MgO → 2Mg3(PO4)2

ORP O +6MgO→6Mg2+ +4PO 3– OR P2O5 + 3MgO → Mg3(PO4)2

Chemistry Inorganic 2 (3 decks)

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