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ess > Chapter 22: Origin of Modern Astronomy > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Origin of Modern Astronomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which Greek first proposed that the sun was the center of the universe?

A. Aristotle

B. Aristarchus

C. Anaxogoras

D. Hipparchus

A

B. Aristarchus

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2
Q

One astronomical unit averages about

A. 93 million kilometers.

B. 150 million kilometers.

C. 210 million kilometers.

D. 300 million kilometers.

A

B. 150 million kilometers.

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3
Q

During which month is Earth farthest from the sun?

A. January

B. April

C. July

D. October

A

C. July

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4
Q

In the year 14,000, Earth’s axis will point toward

A. Polaris.

B. Vega.

C. the sun.

D. the moon.

A

B. Vega.

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5
Q

When is the moon nearest to Earth during its orbit?

A. at apogee

B. at perihelion

C. during an eclipse

D. at perigee

A

D. at perigee

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6
Q

What type of eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on Earth?

A. lunar

B. sidereal

C. solar

D. synodic

A

C. solar

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7
Q

During the period that the moon’s phases are changing from new to full, the moon is

A. waning.

B. approaching Earth.

C. waxing.

D. receding from Earth.

A

C. waxing.

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8
Q

The large, dark regions on the moon are called

A. highlands.

B. craters.

C. mountains.

D. maria.

A

D. maria.

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9
Q

Rilles are associated with which of the following lunar features?

A. craters

B. maria

C. rays

D. highlands

A

B. maria

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10
Q

The oldest lunar features are

A. highlands.

B. rayed craters.

C. rilles.

D. maria.

A

A. highlands.

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11
Q

In what solar system model was the sun proposed as the center of the solar system?

A. geocentric model

B. Ptolemaic model

C. heliocentric model

D. retrograde model

A

C. heliocentric model

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12
Q

What scientist is thought to have been the first to accurately calculate Earth’s size?

A. Aristotle

B. Eratosthenes

C. Hipparchus

D. Aristarchus

A

B. Eratosthenes

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13
Q

Sir Isaac Newton was the first to formulate and test

A. the law of universal gravitation.

B. the heliocentric solar system model.

C. the accurate size of Earth.

D. the laws of planetary motion.

A

A. the law of universal gravitation.

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14
Q

What scientist was the first to use a telescope in astronomy, which was used to discover the moons of Jupiter and sunspots?

A. Johannes Kepler

B. Nicolaus Copernicus

C. Tycho Brahe

D. Galileo Galilei

A

D. Galileo Galilei

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15
Q

The movement of Earth’s axis, which traces a circular pattern, is known as

A. rotation.

B. revolution.

C. precession.

D. perihelion.

A

C. precession.

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16
Q

Earth is closest to the sun at

A. perihelion.

B. aphelion.

C. apogee.

D. perigee.

A

A. perihelion.

17
Q

Why does the same side of the moon always face Earth?

A. The moon does not rotate on its axis.

B. The moon’s period of rotation is faster than its period of revolution.

C. The moon’s period of rotation is slower than its period of revolution.

D. The moon’s period of rotation is the same as its period of revolution.

A

D. The moon’s period of rotation is the same as its period of revolution.

18
Q

The youngest features on the lunar surface are

A. highlands.

B. maria.

C. rayed craters.

D. rilles.

A

C. rayed craters.

19
Q

The layer of gray debris that covers the moon is called

A. mare.

B. rille.

C. a ray.

D. lunar regolith.

A

D. lunar regolith.

20
Q

Depressions on the moon’s surface caused by the impact of meteorites and other debris are known as

A. craters.

B. mare.

C. rays.

D. rilles.

A

A. craters.

21
Q

What are Newton’s 3 laws of motion?

A
  1. An object in motion will stay in motion
  2. An object in rest will stay in rest
  3. Every action has an equal but opposite reactions
22
Q

What tides occur during the 1st and 3rd quarter moons?

A

Neap tides

23
Q

What is the origin of the motion?

A

Debris flew off Earth during the Big Bang and got caught in its orbit.

24
Q

Why do we have tides?

A

The relationship between the moon and Earth.

25
Q

Which law states that each planet revolves around an imaginary line it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals?

A

The second law of planetary motion.

26
Q

The apparent westward movement of a planet against the backgriund of the stars is called?

A

Retrograde motion

27
Q

List the moon phases starting with new moon

A
  1. New moon
  2. Crescent (waxing)
  3. First Qaurter
  4. Gibbous (waxing)
  5. Full moon
  6. Gibbous (waning)
  7. Third Qaurter
  8. Crescent (waning)
28
Q

What moon phases is this?

A

New moon

29
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

Crescent (waxing)

30
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

First quarter

31
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

Gibbous (waxing)

32
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

Full moon

33
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

Gibbous (waning)

34
Q

What moon phase is this?

A

Third Quarter

35
Q

What moon phases is this?

A

Crescent (waning)

36
Q

What are Jovian planets?

A

The gas giants. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune)

ess (4 decks)

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