Chapter 22 Origin Of Life On Earth

Question 0

——- were among the dominate land vertebrates during the jurassic period?

Answer 0

dinosaurs

Question 1

The Cenozoic era spans the most recent?

Answer 1

65 million years to present

Question 2

What process caused RNA molecules to develop into more complex molecules with cell-like characteristics?

Answer 2

chemical selection

Question 3

The emergence of organisms capable of performing photosynthesis added which of the following chemicals to the earth atmosphere?

Answer 3

oxygen

Question 4

Phanerozoic means “well-displayed life” referring to the abundance of fossils of ______and________ that have been identified from this eon.

Answer 4

plants and animals

Question 5

The first period of the mesozoic era was the________ period?

Answer 5

Triassic Period

Question 6

The Mesozoic era is also called the age of?

Answer 6

Dinosaurs

Question 7

During the Cretaceous period what significant events happened?

Answer 7

Angiosperms first emerged

Question 8

During the period triassic what significant events happened?

Answer 8

Reptiles including crocodiles and turtles were plentiful.

Question 9

RNA has the ability to do what functions?

Answer 9

Store information,function as ribosomes, self-replicate.

Question 10

Protobionts, the likely precursors of living cells, acquired a _______ that separated the internal contents of the protobiont from the external environment.

Answer 10

Membrane

Question 11

Which of the following was the dominate vegetation during the jurassic period?

Answer 11

Gymnosperms

Question 12

Place the eons of the geological timescale in the correct order from earliest to the most recent?

Hadean, Proterozoic, Archaean, Phanerozoic

Answer 12

1. Hadean
2. Archaean
3. Proterozoic
4. Phanerozoic

Question 13

The ______era spans the most recent 65 million years and is sometimes called the age of ______.

Answer 13

Cenozoic , Mammals

Question 14

Put the two periods of the Cenozoic era in the correct order, first to last.

Quaternary—Tertiary

Answer 14

1. Tertiary

2. Quaternary

Question 15

Levels of oxygen gas increased as a result of the emergence and proliferation of __________ due to the autotrophic nature of these bacteria.

Answer 15

Cyanobacteria

Question 16

The origin of life was likely preceded by a period in which small organic molecules accumulated on the surface of what?

Answer 16

Clay

Question 17

What is the advantage of using DNA as a molecule that stores information for the synthesis of RNA molecules?

Answer 17

RNA could enhance its other functions.

Question 18

What are carbonaceous chondrites?

Answer 18

Meteorites

Question 19

What factor greatly influenced the emergence of new species of prokaryotes and subsequently eukaryotes?

Answer 19

Energy

Question 20

Biological _________ involves genetic changes that occur from one generation to the next.

Answer 20

Evolution

Question 21

The different chemical properties of amino acids have given proteins greater_________ ability than RNA molecules.

Answer 21

Catalytic

Question 22

Volcanic eruptions near the end of the Triassic are thought to have caused global ______ , which led to mass extinctions of both marine and terrestrial species.

Answer 22

Warming

Question 23

Chemical evolution occurs when?

Answer 23

A population of molecules changes over time to have a different chemical composition.

Question 24

In any sequence of layered rocks, a given bed is _________than any bed above it, and _________ than any bed beneath it.

Answer 24

older, younger

Question 25

The most popular current explanation of the origin of eukaryotic cells involves the process of ___________?

Answer 25

Endosymbiosis

Question 26

The two types of environments that formed as the earth cooled are?

Answer 26

terrestrial and aquatic

Question 27

Dinosaurs appeared and disappeared during the ________ era of the Phanerozoic eon.

Answer 27

Mesozoic

Question 28

The amount of a given __________ and the amount of _________ product can be measured in an accompanying rock to determine the age of a fossil.

Answer 28

Radioisotope and Decay

Question 29

The fossilized remains of the first known living cells indicate these cells arose during the ________ Eon.

Answer 29

Archaean

Question 30

What is the relationship where a smaller organism lives inside a larger organism called?

Answer 30

endosymbiotic

Question 31

Modern eukaryotic cells contain DNA in which of the following cells?

Answer 31

Nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria

Question 32

Biological communities found in the vicinity of deep-sea vents receive their energy from _____ in the vent.

Answer 32

Chemicals

Question 33

In addition to the DNA found in the nucleus, modern eukaryotic cells have DNA in two organelles, the _______ and the __________.

Answer 33

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Question 34

Simple organic molecules polymerized to form complex organic polymers during the _______ stage in the origin of life.

Answer 34

second

Question 35

_________ can occur when a single cell divides and the resulting cells stick together.

Answer 35

Multicellularity

Question 36

An unstable isotope of an element that decays spontaneously, releasing radiation at a constant rate, is an:

Answer 36

Radiosiotope

Question 37

Which of the following types of organisms flourished during the archaean eon? Animal life, Microbial life, Plant life

Answer 37

Microbial Life

Question 38

the three key functions of RNA are its ability to _______ information in its nucleotide sequence, its capacity for ___________ , and its ability to perform a variety of ________ functions.

Answer 38

Store, self- replication, enzymatic

Question 39

The fossilized remains of the first know living cells indicate these cells arose during the _________ Eon.

Answer 39

Archaean

Question 40

A significant amount of organic molecules may have been transported to early earth by?

Answer 40

meteorites

Question 41

which of the following are keys roles that increase oxygen levels have played in the history of life?

Answer 41

The conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates, Increases in animal body sizes ,The origin of animal body plans.

Question 42

How does a Autotroph obtain energy?

Answer 42

Directly harnesses energy from either inorganic molecules or light.

Question 43

How does a Heterotroph obtain energy?

Answer 43

Derives energy from the chemical bonds within the organic molecules consumed.

Question 44

The period of the paleozoic era that came before the silurian and after the cambrian is:

Answer 44

Ordovician

Question 45

Scientist can perform experiments to select for _______ molecules with a particular function, such as enzymatic activity.

Answer 45

RNA

Question 46

where on earth can fossils most commonly be found?

Answer 46

Sedimentary rock

Question 47

Place the three eras of the Phanerozoic eon in the correct order from earliest to latest. Paleozoic, cenozoic, Mesozoic

Answer 47

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 48

Increased oxygen levels played a key role in the conquest of the land by Arthropods and _________.

Answer 48

Vertebrates

Question 49

One possible explanation of the origin of Multicellularity is the aggregation process. what describes this process?

Answer 49

Individual cells aggregated to form a colony.

Question 50

what happened during the permian mass extinction?

Answer 50

Most land species died off, Glaciers and/or volcanoes affected the earth, 90-95% of marine species were eliminated.

Question 51

During the tertiary period, _________ became the dominate land plant and insects became important for their ability to _______.

Answer 51

angiosperms, pollinate

Question 52

mass extinctions occoured at the end of which two periods in the mesozoic era?

Answer 52

Cretaceous, Triassic

Question 53

The first ______ emerged during the middle of the Triassic period, as did the first true _______ such as the small Megazostrodon.

Answer 53

Dinosaurs, mammals

Question 54

Carbonaceous chondrites contain a substantial amount of organic carbon including ______ acids and _________ acid bases.

Answer 54

Amino, nucleic

Question 55

The first dinosaurs emerged during the middle of which period?

Answer 55

Triassic

Question 56

Living cells may have evolved from Protobionts such as __________or ___________.

Answer 56

Coacervates, Liposomes

Question 57

Dinosaurs were among the dominate land vertebrates during the:

Answer 57

Jurassic Period

Question 58

the different chemical properties of the amino acids have given proteins greater ______ ability thn RNA molecules.

Answer 58

Catalytic