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Biology 122 > Chapter 22 Origin Of Life On Earth > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Origin Of Life On Earth Flashcards

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0
Q

——- were among the dominate land vertebrates during the jurassic period?

A

dinosaurs

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1
Q

The Cenozoic era spans the most recent?

A

65 million years to present

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2
Q

What process caused RNA molecules to develop into more complex molecules with cell-like characteristics?

A

chemical selection

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3
Q

The emergence of organisms capable of performing photosynthesis added which of the following chemicals to the earth atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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4
Q

Phanerozoic means “well-displayed life” referring to the abundance of fossils of ______and________ that have been identified from this eon.

A

plants and animals

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5
Q

The first period of the mesozoic era was the________ period?

A

Triassic Period

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6
Q

The Mesozoic era is also called the age of?

A

Dinosaurs

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7
Q

During the Cretaceous period what significant events happened?

A

Angiosperms first emerged

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8
Q

During the period triassic what significant events happened?

A

Reptiles including crocodiles and turtles were plentiful.

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9
Q

RNA has the ability to do what functions?

A

Store information,function as ribosomes, self-replicate.

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10
Q

Protobionts, the likely precursors of living cells, acquired a _______ that separated the internal contents of the protobiont from the external environment.

A

Membrane

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11
Q

Which of the following was the dominate vegetation during the jurassic period?

A

Gymnosperms

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12
Q

Place the eons of the geological timescale in the correct order from earliest to the most recent?

Hadean, Proterozoic, Archaean, Phanerozoic

A
  1. Hadean
  2. Archaean
  3. Proterozoic
  4. Phanerozoic
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13
Q

The ______era spans the most recent 65 million years and is sometimes called the age of ______.

A

Cenozoic , Mammals

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14
Q

Put the two periods of the Cenozoic era in the correct order, first to last.

Quaternary—Tertiary

A
  1. Tertiary

2. Quaternary

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15
Q

Levels of oxygen gas increased as a result of the emergence and proliferation of __________ due to the autotrophic nature of these bacteria.

A

Cyanobacteria

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16
Q

The origin of life was likely preceded by a period in which small organic molecules accumulated on the surface of what?

A

Clay

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17
Q

What is the advantage of using DNA as a molecule that stores information for the synthesis of RNA molecules?

A

RNA could enhance its other functions.

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18
Q

What are carbonaceous chondrites?

A

Meteorites

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19
Q

What factor greatly influenced the emergence of new species of prokaryotes and subsequently eukaryotes?

A

Energy

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20
Q

Biological _________ involves genetic changes that occur from one generation to the next.

A

Evolution

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21
Q

The different chemical properties of amino acids have given proteins greater_________ ability than RNA molecules.

A

Catalytic

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22
Q

Volcanic eruptions near the end of the Triassic are thought to have caused global ______ , which led to mass extinctions of both marine and terrestrial species.

A

Warming

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23
Q

Chemical evolution occurs when?

A

A population of molecules changes over time to have a different chemical composition.

24
Q

In any sequence of layered rocks, a given bed is _________than any bed above it, and _________ than any bed beneath it.

A

older, younger

25
Q

The most popular current explanation of the origin of eukaryotic cells involves the process of ___________?

A

Endosymbiosis

26
Q

The two types of environments that formed as the earth cooled are?

A

terrestrial and aquatic

27
Q

Dinosaurs appeared and disappeared during the ________ era of the Phanerozoic eon.

A

Mesozoic

28
Q

The amount of a given __________ and the amount of _________ product can be measured in an accompanying rock to determine the age of a fossil.

A

Radioisotope and Decay

29
Q

The fossilized remains of the first known living cells indicate these cells arose during the ________ Eon.

A

Archaean

30
Q

What is the relationship where a smaller organism lives inside a larger organism called?

A

endosymbiotic

31
Q

Modern eukaryotic cells contain DNA in which of the following cells?

A

Nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria

32
Q

Biological communities found in the vicinity of deep-sea vents receive their energy from _____ in the vent.

A

Chemicals

33
Q

In addition to the DNA found in the nucleus, modern eukaryotic cells have DNA in two organelles, the _______ and the __________.

A

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

34
Q

Simple organic molecules polymerized to form complex organic polymers during the _______ stage in the origin of life.

A

second

35
Q

_________ can occur when a single cell divides and the resulting cells stick together.

A

Multicellularity

36
Q

An unstable isotope of an element that decays spontaneously, releasing radiation at a constant rate, is an:

A

Radiosiotope

37
Q

Which of the following types of organisms flourished during the archaean eon?

Animal life, Microbial life, Plant life

A

Microbial Life

38
Q

the three key functions of RNA are its ability to _______ information in its nucleotide sequence, its capacity for ___________ , and its ability to perform a variety of ________ functions.

A

Store, self- replication, enzymatic

39
Q

The fossilized remains of the first know living cells indicate these cells arose during the _________ Eon.

A

Archaean

40
Q

A significant amount of organic molecules may have been transported to early earth by?

A

meteorites

41
Q

which of the following are keys roles that increase oxygen levels have played in the history of life?

A

The conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates, Increases in animal body sizes ,The origin of animal body plans.

42
Q

How does a Autotroph obtain energy?

A

Directly harnesses energy from either inorganic molecules or light.

43
Q

How does a Heterotroph obtain energy?

A

Derives energy from the chemical bonds within the organic molecules consumed.

44
Q

The period of the paleozoic era that came before the silurian and after the cambrian is:

A

Ordovician

45
Q

Scientist can perform experiments to select for _______ molecules with a particular function, such as enzymatic activity.

A

RNA

46
Q

where on earth can fossils most commonly be found?

A

Sedimentary rock

47
Q

Place the three eras of the Phanerozoic eon in the correct order from earliest to latest.

Paleozoic, cenozoic, Mesozoic

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

48
Q

Increased oxygen levels played a key role in the conquest of the land by Arthropods and _________.

A

Vertebrates

49
Q

One possible explanation of the origin of Multicellularity is the aggregation process. what describes this process?

A

Individual cells aggregated to form a colony.

50
Q

what happened during the permian mass extinction?

A

Most land species died off, Glaciers and/or volcanoes affected the earth, 90-95% of marine species were eliminated.

51
Q

During the tertiary period, _________ became the dominate land plant and insects became important for their ability to _______.

A

angiosperms, pollinate

52
Q

mass extinctions occoured at the end of which two periods in the mesozoic era?

A

Cretaceous, Triassic

53
Q

The first ______ emerged during the middle of the Triassic period, as did the first true _______ such as the small Megazostrodon.

A

Dinosaurs, mammals

54
Q

Carbonaceous chondrites contain a substantial amount of organic carbon including ______ acids and _________ acid bases.

A

Amino, nucleic

55
Q

The first dinosaurs emerged during the middle of which period?

A

Triassic

56
Q

Living cells may have evolved from Protobionts such as __________or ___________.

A

Coacervates, Liposomes

57
Q

Dinosaurs were among the dominate land vertebrates during the:

A

Jurassic Period

58
Q

the different chemical properties of the amino acids have given proteins greater ______ ability thn RNA molecules.

A

Catalytic

Biology 122 (1 decks)

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