Chapter 22 - Cardiothoracic Flashcards
List the five “steps” of blood flow starting with the right ventricle
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein and left atrium
Which diagnostic study is MOST useful for verification of toracic aortic dissection?
CT Scan
The coronary artery orginates from the_.
Ascending aorta
Is the defibrillator part of the “Heart-Lung” machine
No
What suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae?
purse string
The force rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by what part of the CNS?
Medulla Oblongata
Which artery accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions?
Left anterior descending
What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass?
intra-aortic balloon pump
In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope?
bronchoscopy
Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?
patent ductus arteriosus
The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the:
Hilum
What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology?
infiltrate
A heart murmur is often heard with auscultation and indicative of involvement of which structure?
mitral valve
Where are the cannulae MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures?
right atrium and ascending aorta
The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is
empyema
Which device is used for patients awaiting heart transplant that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system?
ventricular assist device
What is the general term for incurable diseases of the heart for which the only treatment would be heart transplantation?
cardiomyopathies
Which suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae?
purse-string
What is the term for a localized stricture of the aorta found in a pediatric patient?
coarctation
The apex of the lung is located
superiorly and just above the clavicle
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?
right ventricle
Commissurotomy is a surgical separation of the flaps of the
mitral valve
Percentage of blood volume
pumped out of the heart into the systemic circulation; indicator of ventricular function
Ejection fraction
Which congenital defect has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of “blue babies”
tetralogy of Fallot
What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death
myocardial infarction
Which type of incision is made for a pneumonectomy
posterolateral
What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue
bleb
Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed
aortic punch
Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope
suprasternal notch
