Chapter 22 Biochemistry Flashcards
Polymer
Large molecule formed by smaller molecules formed by covalent bonding
Nucleotide
Monomers that make up DNA & RNA polymers
Components of nucleotides
1) a phosphate group
2) a pentose sugar
3) a nucleobase (nitrogen-containing)
Nucleotides are held together & combine w/ other nucleotides to form…
A full double-stranded helix of DNA
Double Helix
Two backbones joined by a ladder
Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.
Alkane
A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds
Alkyl group
A hydrocarbon substituent that is derived from an alkane
Alkyne
A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons that contain one r more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds
Cycloalkane
A cyclic hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds
Unsaturated compound
An organic compound that contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds
Saturated compound
An organic compound that contains that maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom
Biochemistry
The chemistry of living things
Carbohydrates
monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have numerous hydroxyl groups attached. Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
monosaccharides
simple sugars.
ex) glucose and fructose
disacharide
a sugar such that forms from the condensation of two monosacchariedes.
ex) sucrose
polysacharide
polymers produced by the the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers.
Lipids
fats, oils, and other water insoluble compounds
Lipids function
efficient way to store energy in your body, keep your cell membranes healthy
Lipid properties
tend to dissolve readily in inorganic solvents (ether, chloroform, etc)
Steroid structure
3 cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring
Nucleic Acid
polymers that are found primarily in a cell’s nucleus
Protein
a peptide with more than about 100 amino acids
peptide
any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one amino acid is united with the carboxyl group.
Amino Acid
any compound that contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
Monomers
the smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer
Ester
an organic compound in which the OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by an OR from an alcohol. (R= an alkyl group)
carboxyl group
a functional group that consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxy group.
carboxylic acid
organic compound with a carboxyl group
