Chapter 22 Biochemistry

Question 1

Polymer

Answer 1

Large molecule formed by smaller molecules formed by covalent bonding

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Monomers that make up DNA & RNA polymers

Question 3

Components of nucleotides

Answer 3

1) a phosphate group
2) a pentose sugar
3) a nucleobase (nitrogen-containing)

Question 4

Nucleotides are held together & combine w/ other nucleotides to form…

Answer 4

A full double-stranded helix of DNA

Question 5

Double Helix

Answer 5

Two backbones joined by a ladder

Question 6

Functional group

Answer 6

A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.

Question 7

Alkane

Answer 7

A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds

Question 8

Alkyl group

Answer 8

A hydrocarbon substituent that is derived from an alkane

Question 9

Alkyne

Answer 9

A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds

Question 10

Alkenes

Answer 10

Hydrocarbons that contain one r more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds

Question 11

Cycloalkane

Answer 11

A cyclic hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds

Question 12

Unsaturated compound

Answer 12

An organic compound that contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

Question 13

Saturated compound

Answer 13

An organic compound that contains that maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom

Question 14

Biochemistry

Answer 14

The chemistry of living things

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have numerous hydroxyl groups attached. Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 16

monosaccharides

Answer 16

simple sugars.

ex) glucose and fructose

Question 17

disacharide

Answer 17

a sugar such that forms from the condensation of two monosacchariedes.
ex) sucrose

Question 18

polysacharide

Answer 18

polymers produced by the the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers.

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

fats, oils, and other water insoluble compounds

Question 20

Lipids function

Answer 20

efficient way to store energy in your body, keep your cell membranes healthy

Question 21

Lipid properties

Answer 21

tend to dissolve readily in inorganic solvents (ether, chloroform, etc)

Question 22

Steroid structure

Answer 22

3 cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring

Question 23

Nucleic Acid

Answer 23

polymers that are found primarily in a cell’s nucleus

Question 24

Protein

Answer 24

a peptide with more than about 100 amino acids

Question 25

peptide

Answer 25

any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one amino acid is united with the carboxyl group.

Question 26

Amino Acid

Answer 26

any compound that contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 27

Monomers

Answer 27

the smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer

Question 28

Ester

Answer 28

an organic compound in which the OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by an OR from an alcohol. (R= an alkyl group)

Question 29

carboxyl group

Answer 29

a functional group that consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxy group.

Question 30

carboxylic acid

Answer 30

organic compound with a carboxyl group