Chapter 22 and 24 Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Haploinsufficiency
A
- The phenomenon in which a person has only a single functional copy of a gene, which does not produce a normal phenotype
- Shows a dominant pattern of inheritance
2
Q
Gain of function mutation
A
- A mutation that causes a gene to be expressed in an additional place where it is not normally expressed, or during a stage of development when it is not normally expressed, or at a level that is higher than normal
3
Q
Dominant-negative mutation
A
- A mutation that produces an altered gene product that acts antagonistically to the normal gene product. Shows a dominant pattern of inheritance
4
Q
Complex traits
A
- Characteristics that are determined by several genes and are significantly influenced by environmental factors
5
Q
Quantitative Trait
A
- A trait, usually polygenic in nature, that can be described with numbers
6
Q
Quantitative genetics
A
- The area of genetics concerned with traits that can be described in a quantitative way
7
Q
continuous traits
A
- Traits for which the phenotype exhibits a continuum
8
Q
meristic traits
A
- Traits that can be counted and expressed in whole numbers
9
Q
threshold traits
A
- Traits that are inherited quantitatively due to the contribution of many genes, but are expressed qualitatively
10
Q
discontinuous trait
A
- A trait for which each offspring can be put into a particular phenotypic category
11
Q
Frequency trait distribution
A
- A graph that shows the numbers of individuals that are found in each of several phenotypic categories
12
Q
Normal distrubtion
A
- A distribution for a large sample in which the trait of interest varies in a symmetrical way around an average value
13
Q
biometric field
A
- A field of genetics that involves the statistical study of biological traits
14
Q
Mean (Math)
A
- The sum of all the values in a group divided by the number of individuals in the group
15
Q
Variance
A
- the sum of the squared deviations from the mean divided by the degrees of freedom
16
Q
Standard deviation (SD)
A
- A statistic that is computed as the square root of the variance
17
Q
covariance
A
- A statistic that describes the degree of variation between two variables within a group
18
Q
correlation coefficient
A
- A statistic with a value that ranges between –1 and 1, which indicates whether two variables are related to each other
19
Q
polygenic
A
- Refers to traits that are governed by two or more different genes
20
Q
polygenic inheritance
A
- The transmission of any trait that is governed by two or more different genes
21
Q
Quantitative trait locus
A
- The locationon a chromosome where one or more genesthat influence quantitative traits reside
22
Q
QTL mapping
A
- The determination of the location of QTLs using mapping methods such as genetic crosses coupled with the analysis of molecular markers
