Chapter 22 Flashcards
What is evolution
According to Darwin evolution is descent with modification.
Speciation
New species arise from existing ones
Adaptation
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their FITNESS in specific environments.
Fitness
Quantifiable measure of survival and reproductive success.
Finch example what is the example of?
Beaks! All the beaks are different because they have adapted to their food resources in order to increase their fitness and survival.
Natural selection
An aspect of adaption. The MECHANISM that causes individuals that have certain inherited traits to have higher fitness because of those adaptations.
Lamark theory
Giraffe neck got longer because over time they reached and reached, and then their offspring started having longer necks. “Acquired variation is passed on to descendants.”
Darwin’s theory
Giraffes will have a variation of neck lengths, the ones with the most useful neck length with be more successful over many generations and that trait will eventually be passed on. “Natural selection or genetically based variation leads to evolutionary change.
What are the three aspects of variation that MUST occur for natural selection to work?
- Must be present in the population
- must affect fitness
- must be inherited
What is artificial selection?
The process in which humans modify organism by selecting and breeding organism with certain traits. Examples; dog breeding, corn/modified food (kale/ Brussels sprouts/broccoli/kohlrabi evolved from wild mustard plant)
What is an example of evolution through direct observation?
Soapberry bug, southern florida, native species feed on balloon vine thru beak insertion. The ballon vine is rare in central florida therefore the introduced species of soapberry bugs there eat fruit from the golden rain tree (asia) seed depth difference has changed the beak lengths of these bugs through natural selection.
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
What is MRSA an example of?
Direct observation of the evidence of evolution. Evolution of drug resistant bacteria
Homologous structures
Evidence for evolution, structures in different species that have a general theme because of common ancestry , but the structures vary in form and function.
Vestigial structures
Evidence for evolution, remnants of structures that served an important function in the ancestor, but not in the present organism.
Examples; lip on outer ear, monkeys have it to and can move it for sound we have the flap but cannot move the ear without moving the head. Pelvic bone in whales from when they had ancestors that walked.
