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Biology 4 Exam 5 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

Herbivores

A

Mainly Plant and Algae

Example: Zebra, Cow, Gorilla, Sea Turtle

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2
Q

Carnivores:

A

Mainly eat Meat

Example: lIONS, wHALES, sPIDERS, sEA sTARS

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3
Q

Omnivores

A

Eat Both

Example: Humans, Crows, Cockroaches

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4
Q

Four stages of food processing

A

Indigestion, Digestion, Absorption and Elimination

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5
Q

Indigestion

A

Take food into the body

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6
Q

Digestion

A

Break food polymers into monomers

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7
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Use physical Force to mash up food

example: Chewing

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8
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Use ENZYMES to hydrolyze polymers into subunits

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9
Q

Absorption

A

Subunits get trapped into the blood stream across epithelial lining of intestines

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10
Q

Elimination

A

Dispose of undigested material

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11
Q

2 types of digestive compartments:

A
  1. Gastrovascular Cavity

2. Alimentary Canal

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12
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

Large pouch with SINGLE opening

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13
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

Large muscular tube with 2 openings.

Mouth and the Anus

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14
Q

Animal With Gastrovascular Cavity

A

Jellyfish and Starfish

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15
Q

ORGANS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

A

Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Anus

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16
Q

Accessory Organs

A

Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Salivary Gland

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17
Q

OralCavity

A

Mouth

only Type of indigestion

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18
Q

Salivary Gland

A
  • Makes Saliva
  • Chemical Digestion
  • Contains Enzymes to Hydrolyze Carbohydrates
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19
Q

tongue

A
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Has Taste buds to detect molecules
  • Shape the food into a ball for swallowing
20
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Passageway for air and food

- Throat

21
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Elastic Cartilage that separates both Food and air
22
Q

peristalsis

A

Waves of Smooth muscle

23
Q

Stomach

A

-Large pouch for storing food and CONTINUES academical Digestion.

24
Q

Gastric Juice

A

Liquid Secretes by the CELLS in STOMACH LINING

25
Q

PEPSIN

A

ENZYMES THAT HYDROLYZE PROTEINS

26
Q

Acidic

A

Contains HYDROCHLORIC ACID

27
Q

Chyme

A

Paste that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

28
Q

Gastric bypass

A
  • Esophagus to the small intestine
  • Have no where to store food
  • Eat less
  • Last Resource
29
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • Longest Alimentary Canal
  • Smallest diameter
  • Chemical Digestion and absorb all the monomers
30
Q

Pancreas

A

-Connected to the small Intestine - —

  • Secretes Enzymes and base -
  • Enzymes: Finish Chemical Digestion and Base Neutralizes Stomach Acid
31
Q

Liver

A

Make Bile and is attached to Small intestine

32
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • Stores and HELPS CONCENTRATES BILE
33
Q

Bile

A

Juice that helps digest fat

34
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Shorter Tube with a Larger Diameter
  • Absorbs water
  • Contains Microbiota: Bacteria that lives in intestines.
    Makes VITAMINS
35
Q

Appendix

A
  • Small pouch attached to the large intestine.

- immune structure

36
Q

Feces

A

Waste that gets eliminated

37
Q

Diarrhea

A
  • Bacteria that irritates the large intestine
  • Caused by CONTAMINATED FOOD
  • Waste gets eliminated to prevent reabsorption of water
38
Q

calorie

A

ENERGY needed to raise 1g of water by 1 Degree Celsius

39
Q

Calorie

A

1000 calories

40
Q

What has the most calories?

A

Carbohydrates and Fats

41
Q

Metabolic Rate

A

Rate at which BODY consumes ENERGY

42
Q

Basal metabolic rate at rest

A

Metabolic Rate at rest 1300- 1800 calories per day

43
Q

Essential Amino Acids:
What # (quantity) do we get from food and how many are there in total?
Where do we find those?

A
  • We get 12 out of 20 from food.

- We can find those in MILK, MEAT, EGGS

44
Q

Essential Nutrients:

A
  • We must eat because we can’t MAKE enough.
  • VITAMINS
  • MINERALS
45
Q
  1. Vitamins=
  2. Minerals=
    Example:
A
  1. VITAMINS: Small Organic Molecule.
  2. MINERALS: Inorganic Molecules
    ex: Ca, Fe

Biology 4 Exam 5 (3 decks)

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