Chapter 22 Flashcards
one health
holistic/ all inclusive
global mixing bowl
three circles all interconnected and affecting eachother
zoonosis
an infectious disease indigenous to animas that humans can aquire through direct or inderct contact with infected animals
humanto-human transfer
Example) HIV
adapted to humans from animals
Rabies
only rhabdovirus that infects humans. Zoonotic disease characterized by fetal meningoencephalitis
aquired by scratches, bites and aerosis from bat caves
xenobiotics
chemically synthesized compounds that DO NOT occur naturally
Cholorea
vibrio
lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
fecal colifomrs
example) E. coli
any species of gram negative lactose positve bacteria that live primarily in the intestinal tract and NOT the environment
biosensor
decice used to detect microbes or trace amounts of compounds through PCR genome techniques or electrochemical signaling
biological oxygen demand
requirement for oxygen by microbes in a niche used to measure drinking water equality
phases in purification and sewage treatment
primary, secondary and tertiary
primary phase
physical seperation of solid materials via settling (digester tank)
secondary phase
liquid portion of waste is subjected to microbial decomposition that is largely aerobic
tertiary phase
chemical physical or biological methods to remove additional inorganic substances liek ammonia nitrate and phosphate and to eliminate pathogens
trickling filter system
simple inexpensive secondary treatment system
spray liquid over porous rocks and allow to flow downward for collection or directly into groundwater
biofilms on rocks aerobically degrade organic waste
activated sludge process
sencondary treatment
liquid placed in large tank air forced in rigorously mixing it to ensure aerobic contitions activate microbial community development degrading organic compounds
anaerobic digesters
closed chambers used in microbial process the converts organic sludge from waste treatment plants into useful fuels like methane and H2 also called bioreactors
biodegredation
breaking down of materials through teh action of microbes or insects
bioremediation
decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or consortia of microbes
composting
aerobic process that supports growth of diverse bacteria and fungal communities to decompose organic waste
waste purification steps
sedimentation of large particles in large storage reservoir
aeration and settling in holding tanks
filtration through sand or diatomaceous earth
chlorination
storage in tanks until delivery
examples of re emerging diseases
mumps and clostridium difficile
steps for colifrom analysis in water
filter water through sterile membrane
place filter on selective differential media
examine under natural and UV light
Hepatitis A
individual may not know they have it and be asymptomatic transmission occurs more frequently in regions with no sewage treatment
steps of sanitary landfill
waste dumped on cheap land
waste covered with soil making hill
anaerobic microbes degrade teh waste
land becomes suitable for other uses
SIV
simian immunodeficiency virus
seroprevelance
population is asymptomatic
indicator bacteria
demonstrate if water is contaminated easily identified inlab
characteristics of potable water
free of pathogens
clear not turbid
free of dissolved toxins
coliforms and fecal streptococci
groups of organisms monitoring microbial water pollution and are both gram negaive
microbes in compost piles go form what to what
mesophilic to thermophilic
