Chapter 22 Flashcards
how did Darwin describe evolution
descent with modification
evolution can be viewed as both a ______ and a ______
pattern and process
what is taxonomy and who founded it
it is the branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms, founded by carolus linnaeus
what is paleontology and who founded it
the study of fossils founded by Georges Cuvier
what are layers of sedimentary rock called
strata
what did lamarck hypothesize
species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
what have recent biologists determined happened to the Galapagos finches
speciation
what are the two main ideas that Darwin developed
descent with modification and natural selection
what is it called when humans modify species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
artificial selection
who noted the potential for human population to increase faster than food supplies and other resources
thomas malthus
what term describes individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals
survival of the fittest
what term increases the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time
natural selection
what term describes the following: if an environment changes over time, natural selection may result in adaptation of these new conditions and may give rise to new species
speciation
how does natural selection act on traits
it does not create new traits, but edits or selects for traits already present in the population
this is similarity resulting from common ancestry
homology
these are anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor.
homologous structures
these are remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors
vestigial structures
give an example of homologies at the molecular level
genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor
this is a darwinian concept that explains homologies and hypotheses about the relationships among different groups
evolutionary tree
this is the evolution of similar, or analogous, features in distantly related groups
convergent evolution
how do analogous traits arise
when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways
this is the geographic distribution of species
biogeography
what is an endemic species
a species found only in that part of the world and nowhere else
