Chapter 22

Question 1

Napoleon III rule

Answer 1

Authoritarian : controlled army, government; and foreign affairs

Liberty for employees to go on strike

Question 2

Crimean war

Answer 2

Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire because the empire refused religious privileges and to balance power Britain and France went to war against Russia
Treaty of Paris ends the war
First newspaper war, people saw the horrors of war
Consequences: destruction of the concert of Europe or quadruple alliance

Question 3

Unification of Italy

Answer 3

King victor Emmanuel II of piedmont apports count camilo di cavour as prime minister.
Under Cavour rule, he made alliance with France to fight Austria but not long after France withdrawal of the deal to make peace with Austria because the war was getting expensive

Giuseppi Garibaldi
Red shirts (nationalist) fight against the bourbon king of two sicilies. He conquered the north

Kingdom of Italy = march 17, 1861

Question 4

Unification of Germany

Answer 4

Austria and Prussia controlled German Confederation
William I wanted to reform army but was rejected by parliament, he later appoints Bismarck as prime minister

Bismarck took the tax money and reformed the army, ignoring the parliament

Danish war
Over Schleswig and Holstein
Denmark tried to annex it but Bismarck convinces Austria to ally with Prussia to defeat Denmark
They spilt the territories; Holstein to Austria and Schleswig to Prussia

Austro Prussian war
Austria defeat and they were excluded form German affairs

Franco Prussia war
Strong Prussia is a threat to France
Dispute over throne of Spain as one of the Prussian king relative would have become king of Spain. Prussian king convinced family member to not take throne but France isn’t satisfied and want apology. Prussian king sends apology through telegram but Bismarck intercepts it and made it more insulting to the France
France declared war
Prussia captured entire army with king Napoleon III but he dies shortly after
France gives Germany Alsace and Lorraine
Germany merged into Prussia

Question 5

Real politik

Answer 5

Politics of reality- based onpractical concerns rather than theory or ethics
Bismarck

Question 6

Austrian Empire

Answer 6

Ausgleich
Hungary ends up with their constitution and legislature but still a part of Austria (had the same king)
Other minorities are pissed. Leads to the downfall of the empire

Question 7

Russia

Answer 7

Abolished serf but they became more unhappy and starved
Zemstovs- local assemblies that allowed a degree of self government but were disrupted by people who feared self government
Populism- political philosophy that supported the rights and power of ordinary people in their struggle against the powerful elite. Lead to violence
They assassinated Alexander II, Alexander III turns against reform and Russia goes back to old school

Question 8

Britain

Answer 8

Benjamin Disraeli- extended voting rights to more citizens. Education reforms, most successful reform

Question 9

Karl Marx

Answer 9

Communism- radical form of socialism
Ideas of the communist manifesto- History is the history of class struggles, resulting in a classless society
Struggle between working class and bourgeois

Question 10

Materialism

Answer 10

Belief that everything mental, spiritual, or idea was simply a result of physical forces
Darwin ideas of natural selection