Chapter 21 to 25 Flashcards
Abrogation of the 1962 Constitution on ———————– led to second martial law in the country.
March 25, 1969
National Assembly approved an Interim Constitution, which was enforced on—————-
April 21, 1972
Constitution Committee comprising National Assembly (NA) members from all parties was set up in April 1972. ————————– was the Chairman of this Committee.
Law Minister
All parties agreed on the future political system on October 1972. Committee Reported on Dec 31, 1972. After having deliberations and compromises draft was passed unanimously on April 10, 1973. The new Constitution was enforced on ——————–
August 14, 1973
The Constitution functioned since then with two
Gaps. It remained 1973-77: Operational - --------------- Suspended - ---------1999 Operational after changes 1999-2002 Suspended 2002- Operational after changes
1977-1985
1985
PM exercised all executive authority.
Pm was answerable to the NA.
In ————-, powers of the President were increased. He enjoys some discretion in appointments of PM. He had power to dissolve the NA. He had the powers of appointment of caretaker PM.
He gives his assent to bills passed by the parliament or return these
1985
Upper House called ————-
Senate
in this house equal representation is given to Provinces. Seats are reserved to the tribal areas, women and technocrats. Its original strength was 63, which was later raised to 87 and then 100.
Senate is elected indirectly. It’s a permanent House as half of its members are elected after three years
Lower House
: National Assembly
Its Original strength was 210 but now it is 342. NA is elected for five years.
Federal Shariat Court was added in ——–
1981.
National Security Council was added in ———-in advisory capacity.
2002
The Government of India Act 1935 was adopted as the————–
first Interim Constitution
Governor Generals:
- M. A. Jinnah August Sept. 1947-Sept. 1948
- Kh. Nazimuddin ———-
- Ghulam Mohammad ———–
- Iskander Mirza Oct. 1955-March 1956
President:
1. Iskander Mirza March 1956-Oct. ————
Sept. 1948-Oct 1951
Oct. 1951-Oct. 1955
Iskandar mirza was president till 1958
Prime Ministers: 1: Liaquat Ali Khan August 1947-Oct 1951 2: Kh. Nazimuddin Oct. 1951-April 1953 3: Muhammad Ali Bogra two terms ---------------------------- 4: Ch. Muhammad Ali August 1955-Sept 1956 5: H.S. Suhrawardy Sept. 1956-Oct 1957 6: I.I. Chundrigar Oct. 1957-Dec 1957 7: Firoz Khan Noon Dec. 1957-Oct. 1958
(i) April 1953-Oct 1954 Oct.
(ii) 1954-August 1955
Elections at the provincial level
Punjab, NWFP 1951
Sindh 1953
East Bengal ———-
1954
1st Constituent Assembly (CA) was dissolved and 2nd CA was constituted in ——-
1955
One Unit Scheme———
October 1955
Martial Law remained imposed from October 1958 to June —–
1962
Constitutional Rule was
restored on June 1962 and remained till the 2nd Martial Law on ——–
March 1969.
Ayub Khan took over as Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) and the President. He
got himself elected through referendum in 1960 and re-elected in ——–
January 1965
Administrative Reforms which included removal of unwanted officials, some —————in
number.
1662
————–handed over power to ———— imposed Martial Law and 1962
Constitution was abrogated. He took some immediate steps:
== Removal of officers 303
== Provinces Revived: March 30, 1970
== Abolition of Parity
== Legal Framework Order (LFO) as interim law issued in March 1970
Ayub Khan
Army Chief Yahya Khan. He
Z. A. Bhutto assumed power on ————-. First he became President of Pakistan and
also the first civilian Chief Marshal Law Administrator.
December 20, 1971
The first task was the Constitution making. In 1972 Interim Constitution was adopted and
then the Parliament of Pakistan unanimously adopted ———–Constitution.
1973
Chief of Army Staff General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq took over and imposed Martial Law.
He suspended constitution. It was the longest military Rule in the history of Pakistan. To justify his
rule Zia-ul-Haq presented his Agenda about:
• Effective Administration
• Islamisation
• Return to Democracy
1977-1985
Shariat benches established in
1979;
• Federal Shariat Court was established in …….
1981;
Interest free banking initiated in
1981
Ushar was imposed on agricultural produce in
1983;
Zia Erra : Local Bodies elections,
1979
Referendum was held to elect Zia-ul-Haq as president for next five years on December
1984.
Then he held elections on non-party basis on ————
February 1985.
Revival of the Constitution Order ———- with most controversial 8th Constitutional
Amendment was introduced.
March 1985
Withdrawal of martial law, .
Dec 30, 1985
58-2B of by virtue of that President can dissolve
NA and dismiss the elected government.
8th amendment
- Junejo March 1985-May 1988
- Benazir Bhutto November —————-
- Nawaz Sharif October 1990-July 1993
- Benazir Bhutto October 1993-November 1996
- Nawaz Sharif February 1997-October 1999
1988-Aug 1990
Territory:
Its area is ————- sq Kilometers.
796,095
China in the northeast: About ———- long border in the Northern Areas. Silk Route is a major link for trade and traveling.
600 km
Afghanistan: North and Northwest about . Durand Line was drawn on November 1893 as a border between the two neighbors
1200 miles
AS per google
2,670-kilometre
The Durand Line (Pashto: د ډیورنډ کرښه; Urdu: ڈیورنڈ لائن) is the 2,670-kilometre (1,660 mi) international land border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South Asia.
Iran in the West share about border from Koh-i-Malik Siah to Gawadar
590 miles
India in the East having a border about which was established in August 1947.
1400 miles
South: Arabian Sea, Coastline
450 miles.
Iron Ore is used for industry, especially steel industry. It is found in limited quantity and
low quality. Most of the required Iron ore is imported from abroad. Its deposits are found
in
Chitral, Chaghai, Kohat, Kurram Agency, Mardan, Hazara, Mianwali (Kalabagh) and
DG Khan.
Chromite: is used in preparing other metals, leather tanning, making of steel products,
armament and stainless steel. The deposits of Chromite are found in
Zoab (Muslim
Bagh), Chaghai, Malakand, Mahmand, Waziristan, Fort Sandaman etc.
Gypsum is used for plaster of Paris, Paints and Cement. It is found in .
Jhelum, Mianwali,
DG Khan, Kohat and Loralai
Sulphur is used by chemical industry. Its deposits are found in .
Kalat, Khairpur, Mardan,
and Jacobabad etc
Coal is used in power generation. It is basically used as fuel. It is not found in good
quantity and quality. It is mostly found in
Sindh (Thatta, Tharparkar, Manara)
Balochistan (Deegari, Sharig, Soer, Khost, Maach, Hernai), Punjab (Makarwal, Dandot),
NWFP (Cherat and Noshera).
Oil: It is a major source of energy. It is mostly imported from Iran and Gulf states. Now
some valuable reserves are found in
Jhelum, Mianwali, Attock, Balkasar, Mial, Chakwal,
and Dhodak.
Gas: it is itself a source of energy and fuel, and also used as a source of power
generation.
It is found in Sui, Mari, Uch, Khairpur, Jacobabad etc. Now some new
discoveries are also found.
Uranium: It is the basic element for atomic power, indispensable for the defence. Its
deposits are in
DG Khan, Hazara and Kohat.
Land Reforms are introduced from time to time by different governments: in The aim was to reduce land holding and to strengthen the position of
tenants. It was done for improving yield per acre and poverty alleviation in agriculture
field.
1959,
1972, and 1977.
