CHAPTER 2.1 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS

Question 1

ELEMENTS

Answer 1

A pure substance such as oxygen, gold, copper, or sodium, that cannot be further broken down by the methods of chemistry.

Question 2

ATOM

Answer 2

The basic unit of matter.

Question 3

NUCLEUS

Answer 3

The dense central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Question 4

PROTON

Answer 4

A positively charged particle in the atomic nucleus.

Question 5

NEUTRON

Answer 5

An electrically neutral particle in the atomic nucleus.

Question 6

ELECTRON

Answer 6

A negatively charged particle that moves around the atomic nucleus.

Question 7

ATOMIC MASS

Answer 7

The mass of the atom determined by the number of protons and neutrons.

Question 8

ISOTOPES

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

IONS

Answer 9

An electrically charged atom or molecule.

Question 10

ORBITAL

Answer 10

A region in space where an electron is present most of the time.

Question 11

SHELL

Answer 11

An energy level.

Question 12

THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Answer 12

The arrangement of the chemical elements in tabular form, organized by their chemical properties.

Question 13

In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford produced a beam of very small positive particles and directed it at a thin piece of gold foil just a few atoms thick. Most of the particles passed through the foil without changing their path; very rarely a particle was deflected. What conclusions can you from this experiment about the structure of an atom?

Question 14

What are atoms made up of? Describe each component.

Question 15

What is the logic behind how the periodic table of elements is organized?