Chapter 21: Organization Mammalian Fuel Metabolism Flashcards
Draw Phosphocreatine and the mechanism into creatine
see notes
T/F Muscle responds to glucagon
false, only to epinephrine
what does epinephrine instigate in the muscle?
starts glycogen break down, and glycolysis.
gluconeogenesis only happesn in the liver.
Why can’t maximum muscle activity occur for long durations?
because of the depletion of glycogen stores. there is also an accumulation of lactate from glycolysis, decreasing the pH and reducing muscle efficiency.
When does the cori cycle occur?
during max activity and heavy breathing
Outline the cori cucle
Lactate being produced in the muscles during heavy activity goes into the liver, where GLUCONEOGENESIS OCCURS. Lactate is then converted into glucose. glucose is exported from the liver back into the muscle, where it is burned in glycolysis during activity.
outline the glucose alanine cycle
in the muscle, broken down amino acids transfer their amino groups to pyruvate, which becomes alanine and the alphaketoacid. the alphaketoacid is used for energy, and the alanine goes into the liver, where it is deamidated and the amino group forms urea. the alanine turns back into pyruvate, where gluconeogenesis occurs to create glucose from the pyruvate. glucose is exported back into the muscle, where it is burned during activity to make pyruvate again.
hydrophillic hormones do not cross the plasma membrane and thus have to bind to ____ in order to generate the release of second messengers
have to bind to surface receptors to generate the release of second messengers
hydrophillic hormones have the ability to ____ membranes and go into the nucleaus, which ______
hydrophillic hormones have the ability to CROSS membranes and go into the nucleus, which alters gene expression.
what is the second messenger of the the adenylate cyclase pathway ?
cAMP
effect of insulin on muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis
insulin increases glucose and glycogen synthesis
effect of insulin on adipose tissue
insuline increases glucose uptake
increases lipogenesis
DECREASE lipolyses (fat breakdown)
effect of insulin on liver
increase glycogen synthesis, decrease glycogen breakdown, increase lipogenesis
effect of glucagon on adipose tissue
increase lipolysis to supply blood and muscles with energy
effect of glucagon on liver
glucagon= hungry=
increase glycogen breakdown
decrease glycogen synthesis
