Chapter-21 Lymphatic System Flashcards by Olga Mendez

Lymphatic System

Lymph Vesssels
Lymphatic Tissue
Organs

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Lymph

Inside lymph vessels, the interstitial fluid

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Lymphatic Capillaries

Smallest lymph vessels
Absorb interstitial fluid
Areolar CT

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Anchoring Filaments

Help hold endothelial cells to nearby structures

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Lacteals

Lymphatic capillaries located within the GI tract

Absorb lipid-soluble substance from the GI tract

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Lymphatic Vessels

Contain 3 vessel tunicas,
Have valves in their lumen
After lymphatic capillaries —> are lymph vessels

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Lymphatic trunks?

How many trunks? Names?

Lymphatic vessels feed into.
5 trunks
Jugular, Subclavian, Bronchomediastinal, Intestinal, Lumbar,

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Lymphatic Ducts?
How many?
Names?

Drain into venous blood
2
Right Lymphatic duct
Thoracic Duct

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Right Lymphatic Duct

Near right clavicle
Receives lymph from; R-Side of head and neck,
R-upper limb
R-side of thorax

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Thoracic Duct

Larges
Drains: Left side of head and neck
Left upper limb
Abdomen
Lower Limbs

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Cisterna Chyli

Inferior to L2 vetebra
Recives lymph from vessels that drain small intestine of GI tract
R and L intestinal and lumbar trunks

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Primary lymphatic structures

Formation and maturation of lymphocytes
Red Bone Marrow
Thymus

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Secondary Lymphatic Structures

House lymphocytes and other immune cells

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic Nodules
MALT

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Thymus

Bilobed organ, located in the superior mediastinum and functions in T-lymphocytes maturation

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Thymic Lobes

Surrounded by connective tissue capsule

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Trabeculae

Fibrous extensions of the capsule, which subdivides the thymic lobes into lobules

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Capsule composed

Dense Irregular Connective tissue, encloses the lymphatic structures

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Lymph nodes?

Contain?

Filter lymph and remove unwanted substance, encapsulated

Cortex (lymphatic nodules, cortical sinus, germinal center, mantle zone)
Medulla (Medullary cords, medullary sinus)

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Afferent lymphatic vessels

Bring lymph into lymph node

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Efferent Lymphatic vessels

Originates in the hilum, lymph is drained

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Trabeculae

subdivide the capsule into compartments

Cortex

Composed of multiple lymphatic nodules

Lymphatic Nodules

Composed of reticular fibers that support an inner germinal center

Germinal Center

Houses both poliferating B-lymphocytes and macropphages

Mantle Zone

Surrounds germinal center, | Contains T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Medullary Cords

Has strands of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages supported by connective tissue fibers called medullary cords

Cortical Sinus | Medullary Sinus

Open channels, lined with macrophages

Spleen

Largest lymphatic organ in the human body Filters blood, not lymph lacks cortex and medulla

Hilum (Spleen)

Blood vessels and nerves leave the spleen

Splenic Vein

Blood is drained

Splenic Artery

Delivers blood to the spleen

White Pulp (Spleen)

Consist of spherical clusters of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages

Central Artery (spleen)

with in white pulp

Red Pulp (Spleen)

Consist of erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes

Splenic cords

Cell in red pulp are house in reticular connective tissue

Splenic sinusoids

associate with red pulp, drain into small venules that lead into splenic vein

Tonsils

secondary lymphatic structures not surrounded by connective tissue capsule, found on pharynx(throat) Help protect against foreign substance that may be inhaled or ingested

Pharyngeal Tonsil

Found posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Adenoids

Pharyngeal tonsil becomes enlarged

Palatine Tonsils

posterolateral region of oral cavity

Lingual Tonsils

Posterior one third of the tongue

Lymphatic Nodules

small oval clusters of lymphatic cells, not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule Found every organ and within wall of appendix

MALT Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue Found?

many lymphatic nodules grouped together | Found: GI tract, respiratory tract, genital tract, urinary tract,

Peyer Patches

collection of lymphatic nodules, can become large and bulge into the gut

Acute tonsillitis

Tonsils inflamed and infected. Palatine tonsils are most common can be infected by viruses and adenoviruses or bacteria Streptoccoccus

Splenectomy

Surgical removal of the spleen. Caused: sever splenic infection, cyst or tumor s within he spleen -Rupture of spleen from abdominal injury, Hodgkins lymphoma, cancer

Lymphoma

Malignant neoplasm that develops from lymphatic structures. Present non tender, enlarged lymph node, often neck or axillary region. Or symptoms; night sweats, fever, weight loss

Hodgkin lymphoma

Characterized by Reed-Sternberg cell, nuclei resembles owls eyes. Affects ages16-35 and people over 60.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

More common than Hodgkin lymphomas. | Develop from B-lymphocytes, less commonly from T-lymphocytes.

Lymphedema

accumulation of interstitial fluid that occurs due to interference with lymphatic drainage in a part of the body. Interstitial fluid accumulates and the affected area swells and becomes painful

Metastasis

Cancerous cells can break fee from primary tumor and trasported to the lymph. Wandering cells may establish secondary tumors that develop in other locations within the body = metastasis