Chapter-21 Lymphatic System Flashcards
Lymphatic System
Lymph Vesssels
Lymphatic Tissue
Organs
Lymph
Inside lymph vessels, the interstitial fluid
Lymphatic Capillaries
Smallest lymph vessels
Absorb interstitial fluid
Areolar CT
Anchoring Filaments
Help hold endothelial cells to nearby structures
Lacteals
Lymphatic capillaries located within the GI tract
Absorb lipid-soluble substance from the GI tract
Lymphatic Vessels
Contain 3 vessel tunicas,
Have valves in their lumen
After lymphatic capillaries —> are lymph vessels
Lymphatic trunks?
How many trunks? Names?
Lymphatic vessels feed into.
5 trunks
Jugular, Subclavian, Bronchomediastinal, Intestinal, Lumbar,
Lymphatic Ducts?
How many?
Names?
Drain into venous blood
2
Right Lymphatic duct
Thoracic Duct
Right Lymphatic Duct
Near right clavicle
Receives lymph from; R-Side of head and neck,
R-upper limb
R-side of thorax
Thoracic Duct
Larges Drains: Left side of head and neck Left upper limb Abdomen Lower Limbs
Cisterna Chyli
Inferior to L2 vetebra
Recives lymph from vessels that drain small intestine of GI tract
R and L intestinal and lumbar trunks
Primary lymphatic structures
Formation and maturation of lymphocytes
Red Bone Marrow
Thymus
Secondary Lymphatic Structures
House lymphocytes and other immune cells
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Tonsils
- Lymphatic Nodules
- MALT
Thymus
Bilobed organ, located in the superior mediastinum and functions in T-lymphocytes maturation
Thymic Lobes
Surrounded by connective tissue capsule
Trabeculae
Fibrous extensions of the capsule, which subdivides the thymic lobes into lobules
Capsule composed
Dense Irregular Connective tissue, encloses the lymphatic structures
Lymph nodes?
Contain?
Filter lymph and remove unwanted substance, encapsulated
- Cortex (lymphatic nodules, cortical sinus, germinal center, mantle zone)
- Medulla (Medullary cords, medullary sinus)
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Bring lymph into lymph node
Efferent Lymphatic vessels
Originates in the hilum, lymph is drained
Trabeculae
subdivide the capsule into compartments
Cortex
Composed of multiple lymphatic nodules
Lymphatic Nodules
Composed of reticular fibers that support an inner germinal center
Germinal Center
Houses both poliferating B-lymphocytes and macropphages
Mantle Zone
Surrounds germinal center,
Contains T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
Medullary Cords
Has strands of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages supported by connective tissue fibers called medullary cords
Cortical Sinus
Medullary Sinus
Open channels, lined with macrophages
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ in the human body
Filters blood, not lymph
lacks cortex and medulla
Hilum (Spleen)
Blood vessels and nerves leave the spleen
Splenic Vein
Blood is drained
Splenic Artery
Delivers blood to the spleen
White Pulp (Spleen)
Consist of spherical clusters of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages
Central Artery (spleen)
with in white pulp
Red Pulp (Spleen)
Consist of erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes
Splenic cords
Cell in red pulp are house in reticular connective tissue
Splenic sinusoids
associate with red pulp, drain into small venules that lead into splenic vein
Tonsils
secondary lymphatic structures not surrounded by connective tissue capsule, found on pharynx(throat)
Help protect against foreign substance that may be inhaled or ingested
Pharyngeal Tonsil
Found posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Adenoids
Pharyngeal tonsil becomes enlarged
Palatine Tonsils
posterolateral region of oral cavity
Lingual Tonsils
Posterior one third of the tongue
Lymphatic Nodules
small oval clusters of lymphatic cells, not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
Found every organ and within wall of appendix
MALT
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
Found?
many lymphatic nodules grouped together
Found: GI tract, respiratory tract, genital tract, urinary tract,
Peyer Patches
collection of lymphatic nodules, can become large and bulge into the gut
Acute tonsillitis
Tonsils inflamed and infected.
Palatine tonsils are most common
can be infected by viruses and adenoviruses or bacteria Streptoccoccus
Splenectomy
Surgical removal of the spleen.
Caused: sever splenic infection, cyst or tumor s within he spleen
-Rupture of spleen from abdominal injury, Hodgkins lymphoma, cancer
Lymphoma
Malignant neoplasm that develops from lymphatic structures.
Present non tender, enlarged lymph node, often neck or axillary region.
Or symptoms; night sweats, fever, weight loss
Hodgkin lymphoma
Characterized by Reed-Sternberg cell, nuclei resembles owls eyes. Affects ages16-35 and people over 60.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
More common than Hodgkin lymphomas.
Develop from B-lymphocytes, less commonly from T-lymphocytes.
Lymphedema
accumulation of interstitial fluid that occurs due to interference with lymphatic drainage in a part of the body. Interstitial fluid accumulates and the affected area swells and becomes painful
Metastasis
Cancerous cells can break fee from primary tumor and trasported to the lymph. Wandering cells may establish secondary tumors that develop in other locations within the body = metastasis
