Chapter 21 - Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Organisms or virus’s that enter and multiply within the human body
Micro organisms and viruses that cause diseases are called what?
Pathogens
Name 4 main types of pathogens and give an example of each.
- Bacteria -food poisoning 2. Viruses -influenza 3. Fungi -athletes foot 4. Protozoans -disentary
Name 4 ways a pathogen can spread
infected ppl, infected animals, contaminated objects, contaminated food
List the bodies 5 main lines of defense against infectious disease
- Skin, 2. Mucous membrane 3. Cilia 4. Saliva and tears 5. Digestive system
What is the bodies 2nd line of defense if physical and chemical defense doesn’t work?
Inflammation - your body’s response to all kinds of injury
What is the body’s 3rd line of defense against pathogens?
The immune system
What is immunity?
The body’s ability to destroy a pathogen that it has previously encountered before the pathogen is able to cause damage
T- and B- lymphocytes. (T and B-Cells) what do they do?
T-cells help the immune system destroy pathogens
B-cells produce antibodies
A network of vessels that collect fluid from body tissues and returns it to the blood stream; contains much of the immune system
Lymphatic system
Immunity that is acquired by receiving anti bodies from a source other than ones own immune system
Passive immunity
Immunity that results from either having a disease or from receiving a vaccine
Active immunity
What does a vaccine trigger your body to do?
It causes the immune system to produce anti bodies against the pathogen, as if you had already been infected
What are the 4 main infectious diseases caused by bacteria?
Strep throat, Lyme disease , meningitis, and tuberculosis
If you have in infection, how should you treat it? What does this do?
You should treat it with an antibiotic. It inhibits and kills bacteria.
What are the 4 main viral diseases?
The common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis
A serious infection of the lungs, usually in the elderly or people with heart disease
Pneumonia
What are the 3 main types of hepatitis? How are they transmitted?
Hepatitis A, B, and C. Through human waste, through blood in sexual contact, and through tattooing and piercing
What are the 3 best treatments for viral infections?
Rest, a well balanced diet, and plenty o’ fluids
What are 3 main ways to protect yourself against infectious diseases
Avoiding contact with pathogens, Making sure that your immunization are current, Choose healthy life behaviors
An unusually high occurrence of a disease in a certain place during a certain time period
Epidemic
An infectious disease that has become more common within the last 20 years or threatens to become more common in the near future
Emerging disease
