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Anatomy Exam 3 > Chapter 21 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Blood Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two main components of blood?

A

Plasma

Formed elements

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1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A 
Transport
Maintenance of body temp
Acid/base balance
Maintenance of blood volume
Defense
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2
Q

Approximately what percentage of your blood is comprised of plasma?

A

On average, a little over 50%

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3
Q

What are the four main proteins in plasma?

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Regulatory proteins

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4
Q

Proteins that are major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma; transport lipids and steroid hormones are what type of proteins?

A

Albumins

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5
Q

Proteins that transport ions, hormones, lipids; immune function, and are effectively known as antibodies are what type of proteins?

A

Globulins

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6
Q

This protein is an essential component of the clotting system

A

Fibrinogen

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7
Q

Enzymes, proenzymes and hormones are known as…..

A

Regulatory proteins

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8
Q

What is Serum?

A

Serum is plasma WITHOUT clotting proteins

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9
Q

What are the three main categories of other solutes that are found in plasma?

A

Electrolytes
Organic nutrients
Organic wastes

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10
Q

Sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride are all examples of what?

A

Electrolytes

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11
Q

These are used for ATP production, growth and maintenance of cells

A

Organic nutrients

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12
Q

These are carried to sites of breakdown or excretion and include urea, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid

A

Organic wastes

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13
Q

Most of the proteins found in plasma are made where in the body?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What three things comprise the formed elements?

A

Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells

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15
Q

What is another name for a red blood cell?

A

Erythrocytes

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16
Q

How do red blood cells travel through the body that makes them very efficient?

A

They are stacked

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17
Q

Why is it important that red blood cells have their biconcave disc shape?

A

So that they can bend or twist to pass through small spaces, ex. Capillaries

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18
Q

T/F most oxygen is carried by white blood cells in the body.

A

F. RBC’s carry most of the oxygen in the body

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19
Q

What protein allows RBCs to carry oxygen so efficiently?

A

Hemoglobin

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20
Q

Hemoglobin is comprised of 4 ____ molecules.

A

Heme

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21
Q

What is found in heme molecules that specifically bind to oxygen?

A

Iron

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22
Q

What does oxygen saturation measure?

A

It measures the oxygen concentration in the blood

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23
Q

What is the condition called when your oxygen saturation is below 90%?

A

Hypoxemia

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24
Where are all RBCs made?
Red bond marrow
25
What is the common stem cell by which all Blood cells arise from?
Hemocytoblsst
26
What is the common daughter cell by which all Red blood cells arise from?
Myeloid stem cells
27
Maturation of a myeloid cell into a mature red blood cell is called....
Erythropoiesis
28
What is a unique event that occurs during erythropoiesis that happens to no other blood cell maturation?
The nucleus is ejected from the cell
29
How long do RBCs circulate in the blood?
About 4 months
30
When hemoglobin is broken apart, iron gets recycled, but what are the heme molecules broken down to?
Bilirubin
31
What organ disposes of bilirubin, and what condition arises if it is not disposed of?
Liver | Jaundice
32
What is the hormone made by the kidney which promotes the creation of RBCs?
Erythropoietin
33
What does CBC stand for?
Completed Blood Count
34
An estimate of how much of your blood is taken up by blood cells is known as what?
Hematocrit
35
T/F hematocrit percentage is higher in males than females.
True
36
Glycosylated hemoglobin above 6% can be a possible indicator of what?
Diabetes
37
High hematocrit is known as ....
Polycythemia
38
Low hematocrit is known as.....
Anemia
39
Average level of hematocrit in males is between what 2 percentages?
40-50%
40
Another name for white blood cells
Leukocytes
41
Diapedesis refers to....
The ability to squeeze through walls of blood vessels
42
What is it called to be attracted to chemical stimuli?
Chemotaxis
43
What are white blood cells mostly involved in?
Body defense and clean up
44
How many different types of white blood cells are there?
5
45
What are the three categories of granulocytes?
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
46
What are the two categories of agranulocytes?
Lymphocyte | Monocyte
47
What cell type? | Nucleus is multilobed, inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules
Neutrophil
48
What are the functions of neutrophils?
Phagocytize bacteria
49
What cell type? | Nucleus bilobed; red cytoplasmic granules
Eosinophil
50
What is the function of eosinophils?
Kill parasitic worms | Inactivate some inflammatory chemicals of allergy
51
What cell type? | Nucleus lobed; large purplish-black cytoplasmic granules
Basophil
52
Function of basophils
Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin, an anticoagulant
53
Cell type? | Nucleus spherical or indented; pale blue cytoplasm
Lymphocyte
54
Functions of lymphocytes
Mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies
55
Cell type? | Nucleus U or kidney shaped; gray-blue cytoplasm
Monocyte
56
Function of monocytes
Phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in the tissues
57
65% of all white blood cells are of which type?
Neutrophils * double check
58
20-25% of all white blood cells are of which type?
Lymphocytes *double check
59
Lymphocytes come from daughter cells called....
Lymphoid stem cells
60
Maturation of daughter cells into mature white blood cells is called....
Leukopoiesis
61
Low white blood cell count is known as....
Leukopenia
62
Causes of leukopenia?
Diseases such as AIDS, chickenpox, influenza, measles, mumps, polio Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs
63
High white blood count is known as....
Leukocytosis
64
Causes of leukocytosis
Usually result of infection or other physiological stress
65
Cancer of the blood or bone marrow that leads to too many white blood cells is known as....
Leukemia
66
Two main types of leukemia
Myeloid/granulocytic | Lymphoid/lymphocytic
67
Cell fragments found in the blood are known as....
Platelets
68
What are platelets primarily used for?
Clotting, homeostasis
69
Low platelet count is known as...
Thrombocytopenia

Anatomy Exam 3 (2 decks)

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