Chapter 21: Abdomen Flashcards
What are the functions of the abdominal muscles?
- to flex and hold organs in place and 2. to flex the vertebral column.
What is the viscera?
All the internal organs inside the abdominal cavity.
What is the solid viscera
Those visceral organs that maintain a shape: kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, ovaries, and uterus
What is the hollow viscera?
Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder
Where can you palpate aortic pulsations?
In the upper anterior abdominal wall.
Where are the kidneys located within the abdomen?
retroperitoneal: posterior to abdominal contents
What is the costovertebral angle?
The angle that is formed by the 12th rib and vertebral column,
What organs are located in the RUQ?
liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney and adrenal, hepatic flexure of colon, and part of ascending and transverse colon.
What organs are located in the LUQ?
Stomach, spleen, left lobe of liver, body of pancreas, left kidney and adrenal, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse and descending colon.
What organs are located in the RLQ?
Cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord.
What organs are located in the LLQ?
Part of descending colon, sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter, and left spermatic cord.
What organs are located in the midline of the abdomen?
Aorta, Uterus ( if enlarged) and Bladder ( if distended)
How are infants’ abdomens different from children and adults?
Infants have a thinner abdominal wall, making it easier to palpate organs, the liver takes up more abdominal space, and the bladder is higher in the abdomen.
What are some changes that occur in the abdominal cavity of a pregnant woman?
There is decreased motility of the GI tract and intestines are displaced upward and posterior by the enlarging uterus.
What are some changes that occur with the aging adult in regard to the abdomen and its organs?
Increased adipose tissue, decreased salivary secretions, decreased taste and smell, delayed esophageal emptying, decreased gastric acid secretions, increase in an incidence of gallstones, decreased drug metabolism by the liver, and constipation symptoms.
What is the Rome III
This is a standardized symptom criterion for functional constipation.
What are the criteria used in the Rome III?
Decrease in stool frequency (less than 3X a week), straining, hard stool, and feel of incomplete evacuation and anorectal blockage.