Chapter 21 Flashcards
Connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin
Cooper’s ligaments
Most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound
Subcutaneous layer
Armpit
Axilla
Glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule
Acinus (acini)
Middle layer of the breast tissue that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portions of the breast.
Mammary layer
Smallest functional portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule containing at least one acinus
Terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)
Differentiated apocrine sweat gland with a functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation
Breast
Deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on the breast ultrasound
Retomammary layer
The pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple
Areola
Normal extension of the breast tissue into the axillary region
Tail of Spence
Plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast
Radial
Part of breast cancer screening best done at the end of menses each month
Breast self-examination
Plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging
Antiradial
Echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue
Hyperechoic
Type of breast imaging examination that is more intensive than routine screening mammography
Diagnostic breast imaging
Finger-like extension of a malignant tumor
Spiculation
Near the chest wall
Juxtathoracic
Part of breast cancer screening done by a health care provider
Clinical breast examination
Represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain
Sentinel node
Refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation
Fremitus
Without symptoms
Asymptomatic
Can be felt on clinical examinations
Palpable
Trademark system created by the American College of Radiology (ACR) to standardize mammographic reporting terminology, categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy, and facilitate outcome monitoring
Breast imaging reporting and data system
Echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue
Isoechoic
Having relatively weak echoes
Hypoechoic
Preventive care that includes annual screening mammography (starting at age 40), monthly breast self-examination, and regular clinical breast examination
Breast cancer screening
Cannot be felt on clinical examination
Nonpalpable
Without echoes
Anechoic
Common diagnostic and interventional procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle
Cyst aspiration
Descriptive term for skin thickening of a breast that resembles the skin of an orange
Peau d’orange
Abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increased likelihood of evolving into breast cancer
Atypical hyperplasia
Neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting primarily of fibrous and epithelial tissue elements
Fibroadenoma
Hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male
Gynecomastia
Fluid-filled sac of variable size
Cyst
Overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast
Adenosis
Cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
Breast cancer occurring in more than one site within the same quadrant of the same ductal system of the breast
Multifocal breast cancer
Condition that represents different, essentially normal, tissue processes within the breast that in some patients become exaggerated to the point of raising concern for breast cancer
Fibrocystic condition
The pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Brest cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5cm apart
Multicentric breast cancer
Shows some, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ
Atypical lobular hyperplasia
Echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue
Isoechoic
Form of fibrocystic change in which epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration
Apocrine metaplasia