Chapter 21 Flashcards
What does Philip II rule?
Spain
How does Philip develop Spain’s wealth?
By seizing Portugal and getting gold and silver from the americas
What religion does Philip defend
Catholic
What is Absolutism
the theory that rulers want to be absolute monarchs and have complete power
What is diivine right monarchy
the idea that monarchs represent god on earth, based on the Bible
Why does the Spanish empire fall?
Weakens due to taxes and inflation
Spain goes bankrupt due to weak economy and buying goods abroad
Dutch revolt and win independence
Why do the Dutch prosper
Religious toleration , art , and trade
Who are 2 Dutch artists
Rembrandt and Vermeer
Who is Henry of Navarre
appointed by Louis XIII, French Calvinist that ascends to the French throne and converts to Catholicism ending religious wars
What is the edict of Nantes
Declaration of religious toleration
Who is Cardinal Richelieu
minister of France, increases power of Bourbons, limits Huguenots freedom, weakens power of nobility
What is skepticism
the idea that nothing can be known for certain
Who is Montaigne
Famous man who explores ideas about life’s meaning
Who is descartes
Some dude who uses observation and reason to create new philosophy
Who is Louis XIV
Louis XIV rules France, —most powerful monarch of this time
- Takes control of government
- Limits nobility
- His palace is at Versailles
- Versailles is the center of art during his reign, and its purpose is to glorify Louis XIV
Who is Jean Baptiste
finance minister, helps economy grow, mercantilism believer
What was the first war during Louis rule that he was involved in?
Louis attempts to expand France’s boundaries
Countries unite against him in the league of Augsburg
France is weakened
What was the second wwar during Louis rule that he was involved in?
Louis attempts to prevent the union of the French and Spanish throne
France and Spain both lose possessions due to this war
How did Louis rule effect France?
It made it a major military and cultural power in Europe
What were some reasons that caused the 30 years war
- rising tension between lutherans and catholic s
- Protestant revolt
- conflicts over land religion and power
What did the Peace of Westphalia do?
Ends war ( 30 years war)
Weakens Hapsburg, strengthens France
Introduces the idea of negotiating peace and sovereignty
