Chapter 21

Question 1

blitzkrieg

Answer 1

German term meaning “lightning war,” used to describe Germany’s novel military tactics in World War II, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas

Question 2

European Economic Community

Answer 2

The EEC (also known as the Common Market) was an alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs; it gradually developed into the European Union

Question 3

European Union

Answer 3

The final step in a series of arrangements to increase cooperation between European states in the wake of World War II; the EU was formally established in 1994, and twelve of its members adopted a common currency in 2002.

Question 4

fascism

Answer 4

Political ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism; its name is derived from the fasces that were the symbol of magistrates in ancient Rome

Question 5

flappers:

Answer 5

Young middle-class women who emerged as a new form of social expression after World War I, flouting conventions and advocating a more open sexuality.

Question 6

Fourteen Points

Answer 6

Plan of U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to establish lasting peace at the end of World War I; although Wilson’s views were popular in Europe, his vision largely failed.

Question 7

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 7

German war with France (1870–1871) that ended with the defeat of France and the unification of Germany into a single state under Prussian rule.

Question 8

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke:

Answer 8

Heir to the Austrian throne whose assassination by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914, was the spark that ignited World War I.

Question 9

Great Depression

Answer 9

Worldwide economic depression that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in many areas until the outbreak of World War II.

Question 10

Great War

Answer 10

Name originally given to the First World War (1914–1918)

Question 11

Hitler, Adolf

Answer 11

: Leader of the German Nazi Party (1889–1945) and Germany’s head of state from 1933 until his death.

Question 12

Holocaust

Answer 12

Name commonly used for the Nazi genocide of Jews and other “undesirables” in German society; Jews themselves prefer the term Shoah, which means “catastrophe,” rather than Holocaust (“offering” or “sacrifice”).

Question 13

Kristallnacht

Answer 13

Literally, “crystal night”; name given to the night of November 9, 1938, when Nazi-led gangs smashed and looted Jewish shops throughout Germany.

Question 14

League of Nations

Answer 14

International peacekeeping organization created after World War I; first proposed by U.S. president Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points.

Question 15

Manchukuo

Answer 15

Japanese puppet state established
in Manchuria in 1931. (pron. man-CHEW-
coo-oh)

Question 16

Marshall Plan

Answer 16

Huge U.S. government initiative to aid in the post–World War II restoration of Europe that was masterminded by U.S. secretary of state George Marshall and put into effect in 1947.

Question 17

Mussolini, Benito

Answer 17

Charismatic leader of the Italian fascist party (1883–1945) who came to power in 1922.

Question 18

Nanjing, Rape of

Answer 18

The Japanese army’s systematic killing, mutilation, and rape of the Chinese civilian population of Nanjing in 1938

Question 19

NATO

Answer 19

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military and political alliance founded in 1949 that committed the United States to the defense of Europe in the event of Soviet aggression.

Question 20

Nazi Germany

Answer 20

Germany as ruled by Hitler and the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945, a fascist state dedicated to extreme nationalism, territorial expansion, and the purification of the German state.

Question 21

Nazi Party

Answer 21

Properly known as the National Socialist Democratic Workers’ Party, the Nazi party was founded in Germany shortly after World War I and advocated a strongly authoritarian and nationalist regime based on notions of racial superiority.

Question 22

New Deal

Answer 22

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.