Chapter 21 Flashcards
What term is this?
Bloodborne fats, such as triglycerides and cholesterol.
Blood Lipids
What term is this?
A heart defect present at birth that occurs from abnormal prenatal development of the heart or associated blood vessels.
Congenital Heart Disease/Defect
What term is this?
A disease characterized by pathological changes in the coronary arteries that supply blood flow to the myocardium.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
What term is this?
Layer of thin cells that line the lumen of the blood vessels.
Endothelium
What term is this?
Early lipid deposits within blood vessels.
Fatty Streaks
What term is this?
A clinical condition in which the myocardium becomes too weak to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the body’s oxygen demands; it usually results from the heart’s being damaged or overworked.
Heart Failure
What term is this?
Involves bleeding within the brain, which damages nearby brain tissue.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
What term is this?
Abnormally high blood pressure.
What is the value that dictates this disease?
Hypertension.
> 140 mmHg Systolic
90 mmHg Diatolic
What term is this?
A temporary deficiency of blood to a specific area of the body.
Ischemia
What term is this?
Brain tissue damage resulting from insufficient oxygen supply to an area of the brain. May be caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels supplying the area.
Ischemic Stroke
What term is this?
The proteins that carry the blood lipids.
Lipoproteins
What term is this?
Death of heart tissue that results from insufficient blood supply to part of the myocardium.
Myocardial Infarction
What term is this?
Important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological processes, including dilation of arterioles.
nitric oxide (NO)
What term is this?
The physiology of a specific disease or disorder.
Pathophysiology
What term is this?
Diseases of the systemic arteries and veins, especially those to the extremities, that impede adequate blood flow.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
What term is this?
A buildup of lipids, smooth muscle cells, connective tissue, and debris that forms at the site of injury to an artery.
Plaque
What is this term?
Risk factors that have been conclusively shown to have a strong association with a certain disease.
Primary Risk Factors.
Primary risk factors for coronary artery disease include smoking, hypertension, high blood lipid levels, obesity, and physical inactivity.
What term is this?
A form of valvular heart disease involving a streptococcal infection that has caused acute rheumatic fever, typically in children between ages 5 and 15.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
What term is this?
A predisposing factor statistically linked to the development of a disease, such as coronary artery disease.
Risk Factor
What term is this?
A cerebral vascular accident, a condition in which blood supply to some part of the brain is impaired, typically caused by infarction or hemorrhage, so that the tissue is damaged.
Stroke
What term is this?
A disease involving one or more of the heart valves. Rheumatic heart disease is one example.
Valvular Heart Disease
What term is this?
The acronym for a substance released by blood platelets that promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media of an artery into the intima.
PDGF
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
They promote the migration of smooth muscle cells and they promote the GROWTH of smooth muscle cells.
What is this term?
A condition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries.
Aterioscleosis
What is this term?
Changes in the lining of the arteries and plaque accumulation, leading to progressive narrowing of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
What do LDL’s do?
They deposit cholesterol in the arterial wall.
What do HDL’s do?
They remove cholesterol from the arterial wall and transport it to the liver to be metabolized.
What results from a myocardial infarction?
Necrosis -> tissue death
What are the two categories of stroke?
Ischemic Strokes and Hemorrhagic Strokes
An ischemic stroke can occur from an obstruction in two possible causes, what are they?
- Cerebral Thrombosis (the most common)- where a thrombus (clot) forms in a cerebral vessel
- Cerebral Embolism- in which an embolus breaks loose from another site in the body and lodges in a cerebral artery.
There are two types of hemorrhagic strokes, what are they?
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage- in which one of the cerebral arteries ruptures in the brain
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage- in which one of the brain’s surface vessels ruptures, dumping blood into the space between the brain and the skull.
A stroke on the right side of the brain would have what effect?
- Vision Problems
- Quick inquisitive behavioral style
- Paralysis on the left side of the body
- Memory Loss
A stroke on the left side of the brain would have what effect?
- Speech and Language Problems
- Slow, Cautious Behavioral Style
- Paralysis on the right side of the body
- Memory loss
What two diseases are included within peripheral vascular disease?
- Varicose veins
2. Phlebitis
What is Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins result from incompetency of the valves in the veins, allowing blood to back up in the veins and causing them to become enlarged, tortuous, and painful.
What is Phlebitis?
It is inflammation of a vein.
What is a form of valvular heart disease?
Rheumatic heart disease.
What disease is considered to be an inflammatory disease?
Atherosclerosis
