Chapter 2.1

Question 1

hydrosphere

Answer 1

all of the earth’s water

Question 2

atmosphere

Answer 2

gases that surround the earth.

Question 3

seismic waves

Answer 3

vibrations that travel through the earth

Question 4

earth’s crust

Answer 4

thin, solid outermost zone of the earth.

Question 5

mass

Answer 5

the amount of matter in an object

Question 6

oceanic crust

Answer 6

crust below the oceans

Question 7

continental crust

Answer 7

crust that makes up the continents

Question 8

mantle

Answer 8

zone of rock below the crust, divided into two regions and makes up 2/3 of the earth’s mass.

Question 9

lithosphere

Answer 9

uppermost part of the mantle and the crust above it; cool and brittle

Question 10

asthenosphere

Answer 10

lowermost part of mantle

because of heat and pressure, solid rock can flow here: plasticity

Question 11

axis

Answer 11

imaginary straight line running through the earth.

Question 12

plasticity

Answer 12

ability of a solid to flow

Question 13

outer core

Answer 13

dense liquid layer, mostly made of iron

Question 14

inner core

Answer 14

dense, solid sphere : part of the core

Question 15

primary or P waves

Answer 15

seismic wave that travels through solids, liquids and gases. travels faster than S waves. both travel faster through more rigid materials.

Question 16

secondary or S waves

Answer 16

seismic wave that travels through solids. slower than P waves.

Question 17

Mohorovičić discontinuity, or The Moho

Answer 17

boundary between crust and mantle. increase of speed in seismic waves through the Moho indicates that the earth’s mantle is denser than its crust.

Question 18

shadow zones

Answer 18

regions on the earth’s surface that neither P nor S waves are detected.
OR
only P waves are detected.

Question 19

magnetosphere

Answer 19

region of space affected by the earth’s magnetic field.

Question 20

Gravity

Answer 20

force of attraction between all matter in the universe.

Question 21

law of gravitation

Answer 21

force of attraction between any two objects depends upon the earth’s masses and the distance between them.

Question 22

weight

Answer 22

measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object.

Question 23

newtons

Answer 23

unit that measures weight.