Chapter 21

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Portion of the DNA that carries a specific protein

Question 2

Locus/Loci (location)

Answer 2

• the location of a gene on a specific chromosome
• this helps us know where they are

Question 3

Allele (genes)

Answer 3

• an alternate form of a gene
• all of the different variations of a gene for one trait (example, flower color, blue, pink, yellow, the gene is the flower color)

Question 4

Dominant Alleles (always uppercase)

Answer 4

• a gene or trait that masks or over shadows another gene or trait

Question 5

Recessive alleles (lowercase)

Answer 5

– a gene or trait that is masked or overshadowed by another gene or trait

Question 6

Traits expressed
(Phenotype = expressing it
Genotype = genetic makeup)

Answer 6

• AA = Dominant (Homozygous “same”)
• aa = Recessive (Homozygous “same”
• Aa = Heterozygous (different) uppercase followed by lower case
• Dominant always overrides recessive

Question 7

Pedigree chart

Answer 7

• 🟦 = male
• ⚪️ = female
• colored in square or circle = affected individual
• empty, no fill in square or circle = unaffected individual
• half filled n square or circle = carrier
• recessive needs 2 genes
• dominant needs i gene

Question 8

Polygenic

Answer 8

• multiple pairs of genes interact to produce one height (height, weight, hair/eye/skin color

Question 9

Pleiotrophy

Answer 9

1 gene or 1 pair of genes affects multiple traits ( sickle cell, cystic fibrosis)

Question 10

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 10

• An in between trait is expressed (familial hypercholesterolemia)

Question 11

Codominance

Answer 11

• Both traits are expressed equally expressed (Type AB blood)

Question 12

X Linked - found more often in males

Answer 12

Sex traits (example- color blindness, bleeds a lot)

Question 13

Glosso

Answer 13

• tongue
• glossopharyngeal - 1. : of or relating to both tongue and pharynx. 2. : of, relating to, or affecting the glossopharyngeal nerve.
• glossitis - inflammation of the tongue

Question 14

Heme

Answer 14

• blood
• hematuria - Blood in your urine
• hematemesis - the vomiting of blood
• hemangioma - an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs

Question 15

Hepat(o)

Answer 15

• liver
• hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
• hepatocellular - pertaining to or affecting liver cells

Question 16

Lingu

Answer 16

• tongue
• lingual - relating to, or resembling the tongue, or located near or next to the tongue, especially in relation to teeth
• linguistic - the scientific study of language

Question 17

Litho

Answer 17

• stone
• lithotomy - surgical method for removal of calculi
• lithotripsy - procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney and parts of the ureter

Question 18

My

Answer 18

• muscle
• myoma - A tumor of muscle
• myalgia - muscle aches and pain

Question 19

Myo/myel

Answer 19

• Marrow
• Myelitis - inflammation of the spinal cord

Question 20

Neuro

Answer 20

• Nerve
• neuromualgia - sharp, shocking pain that follows the path of a nerve and is due to irritation or damage to the nerve

Question 21

Oto

Answer 21

• Ear
• Otitis - infection or inflammation of the ear
• otolaryngology - A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

Question 22

Opti/Ocu

Answer 22

• eye
• Optician - eye care specialist
• Ocular - relating to the eye

Question 23

Osteo

Answer 23

• bone
• Osteoarthritis - degenerative joint disease
• osteopenia - reduced bone density

Question 24

Pneum(o)/ plulm

Answer 24

• Lung
• pneumothorax - abnormal collection of air in the space between the thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and the chest cavity
• pulmonary - relating to the lungs

Question 25

Psycho

Answer 25

• mind
• psychology - primarily deals with the physiology of the nervous system and the relationship between genetics and behavior
• psychopath - neuropsychiatric disorder marked by deficient emotional responses, lack of empathy, and poor behavioral controls
• psychosomatic - the study of the interconnectedness between biological and psychological processes within the human organism

Question 26

Rhino

Answer 26

• Nose
• rhinorrhea - mucus (snot) dripping or “running” out of your nose
• rhinitis - when a reaction occurs that causes nasal con

Question 27

Thor(a)

Answer 27

• chest
• thoracic - relating to, or located in, the chest or thorax
• thoracentesis - Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs

Question 28

Vasc

Answer 28

• Vessel
• Vasculitis - group of rare conditions, also called angiitis, that damage blood vessels by causing Inflammation , or swelling