Chapter 21

Question 1

Lymphatic system

Answer 1

helps maintain blood volume by returning fluid to the blood & lymphoid organs & tissues are critical for the body’s defense system

Question 2

3 functions of lymphatic system

Answer 2

1. Drains excess interstitial fluidand small plasma proteins back into venous circulation to assist cardiovascular system
2. Maintains blood volume
3. Transports lipids na dlipid soluble from GI tract to the blood
4. defends against infection

Question 3

How does the Lymphatic system defend against infection

Answer 3

-Produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes and macrophages
-Detect potentail threates
-Activates immune response

Question 4

Where is most fluid reabsorbed

Answer 4

85% at the venous end of the capillary

Question 5

Hydrostatic pressure of blood

Answer 5

forces fluid & dissolved substances out of blood capillaries and into the interstitial space
(3L per day (15%) )

Question 6

lymph

Answer 6

fluid outs the lymph vessels
-Water dissolve solutes, protein, foreign material, pathogens, metastasized cancer cells

Question 7

Difference between lymph and Plasma

Answer 7

Plasma is a blonde-colored, clear, protein-rich, aqueous fluid that comprises up to 50% of blood. Lymph is a colorless, sometimes milky, protein-poor fluid originating as interstitial fluid from between and engulfing cells in tissues.

Question 8

Lymphatic cappilaries

Answer 8

microscopic, closed end vessels that absorb interstitial fluid where lymph enters through

Question 9

Where are lymphatic capillaries found

Answer 9

Everywhere except avascular tissues, CNS, red marrow & spleen

Question 10

What are lymphatic capillaries in the GI tract called

Answer 10

Lacteals Lipid rich lymph = chyle

Question 11

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at any point of time due to the force of gravity

Question 12

AS fluid acculates from blood filtration what happens to hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

When does fluid push into lymphatic capillary

Answer 13

when Hydrostatic pressure is greater out then in

Question 14

Lymphatic vessel size

Answer 14

smaller then arteries and veins

Question 15

Where are Lymphatic being connected

Answer 15

Connect to lymph nodes where lymph is filtered

Question 16

Lymphatic vessel pumps

Answer 16

Skeletal m. & respiratory

Vascular pulsation

Smooth m. in walls of trunks & ducts

Question 17

what are lymphatic trunks

Answer 17

Lymphatic vessels drain into lymphatic trunks on both the right and left sides of the body

Question 18

Jugular trunks

Answer 18

darin lymph node from both the head and the neck

Question 19

Subclavian Trunk

Answer 19

Remove lymph from the upper limbs (breast, and superficial wall)

Question 20

Bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 20

drains lymph from deep thoracic structures

Question 21

intestinal trunk

Answer 21

(only 1)
Drains the abdomen

Question 22

Lumbar trunks

Answer 22

Darin lymph from lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall, and pelvic organs

Question 23

Lymphatic ducts

Answer 23

What the trunks Darin into, there are only 2. Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 24

Right Lymphatic duct

Answer 24

Located near right clavicle and drains the right side. Drains from upper right quadrant of body

Question 25

Thoracic duct

Answer 25

This is the larger of the 2 ducts 37.5-45 cm in length. Extends from the diaphragm to the junction of the left subclavian and left jugular vein

Question 26

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 26

Found at the bottom of the thoracic duct. Both ducts drain into here

Question 27

Primary lymphoid structure

Answer 27

involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes. Both the red bone marrow and thymus are considered primary lymphoid structures

Question 28

Secondary lymphoid structure

Answer 28

not involved in lymphocyte formation but structures the site where an immune response is initiated. Includes the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid nodules, and MALT

Question 29

Thymus

Answer 29

Is a Bi-lobed structure in mediastinum, posterior to sternum, anterior to major heart vessels.
-Primary
Located: superior medistaum
Function: Sit of T Lymphocytes maturation and differentiation

Question 30

Organs and Nodule

Answer 30

-store lymphocytes and other immune cells (spleen, lymph nodes)
Lymphoid nodules have incomplete or absent capsule grouped together

Question 31

Lymphnodes

Answer 31

Filter lymph, remove unwanted substances

Located along deep and superficial pathways of lymph vessels

Clusters receiving lymph from body regions

Question 32

Where are the lymph nodes found

Answer 32

-Cervical (head and neckO
Axillary (arm pit)
Inguinal groin

Question 33

Cortex

Answer 33

Contains multiple lymphoid nodules (the outer part)

Question 34

Medulla

Answer 34

Inner part of lymph node (B and T cells)

Question 35

Germinal Center

Answer 35

Proliferating (rapidly dividing) B cells and some macro

Question 36

Mantle zone

Answer 36

T cells from thymus that will circulate macro dendrite cells

Question 37

Cortical sinus

Answer 37

tiny channels lymph flows lined by macro

Question 38

Spleen

Answer 38

Largest lymphoid organ
-located left upper abdominal quadrant, inferior to diaphragm between 9th and 11th ribs

Question 39

White pulp in spleen

Answer 39

-an immune function T cells, B cells, and macro clustered around central artery

Question 40

Red pulp in spleen

Answer 40

-Cleaning function of the blood
-RBC, platelets, acrophaged and B cells
-Splenic cords
-splenic sinusoids (very permeable) filled with blood

Question 41

Function of the spleen

Answer 41

-filter and monitor blood
-Phagocytosis of foreign materials, old defective erythrocytes and platelets, cellular debris
-Storage of RBD and platelets 30%

Question 42

What is MALT -Tonils

Answer 42

A secondary lymphoid structure
-Phagoctosis of inhaled ingested substances
-Tonissar crypts Invations that are trapped material

Question 43

MALT Peyers patches

Answer 43

Large collections of lymphoid nodules within the wall of the small intestine, especially ileum (distal)