Chapter 21

Question 1

Study of genes and how they are passed from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Total of all an organism’s DNA

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

Segments of DNA that code for one or more proteins; located on chromosomes

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Carry the same genes at the same locations

Answer 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Question 5

Homologous chromosomes that are same in both males and females; most human cells have 22 pairs of autosomes

Answer 5

Autosomes

Question 6

Nonidentical chromosomes that determine gender and some other characteristics; most human cells have 2

Answer 6

Sex Chromosomes

Question 7

Genes of an individual

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

Observable physical characteristics and functional traits

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

A display of all a person’s chromosomes

Answer 9

Karyotype

Question 10

Alternate versions of a pair of genes

Answer 10

Alleles

Question 11

Means that both alleles of a particular gene are the same

Answer 11

Homozygous

Question 12

Means that alleles of a particular gene are different

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

Gametes contain only one copy of each chromosome

Answer 13

Law of Segregation

Question 14

Genes for different traits separate independently of one another during gamete formation

Answer 14

Law of independent assortment

Question 15

Genes for different traits that are located on the same chromosome are called…

Answer 15

Linked Genes

Question 16

Phenotype is expressed

Answer 16

Dominant

Question 17

Phenotype is expressed only in individuals with two copies of allele

Answer 17

Recessive

Question 18

“in-between” dominant and recessive phenotypes

Answer 18

Heterozygous Phenotype

Question 19

Used to show inheritance patterns in families

Answer 19

Pedigree Deck