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History 101 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are “muckrakers”?

A

Muckrakers are people that exposed problems in American society and urged the public to identify solutions.

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2
Q

Who was the president during this time?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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3
Q

What are some examples of muckrakers?

A
  1. Jacob Riis, used photojournalism to capture the dismal and dangerous living conditions in working-class tenements in New York City (Figure 21.3).
  2. Ida Tarbell, she wrote a series of articles on the dangers of John D. Rockefeller’s powerful monopoly, Standard Oil.
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4
Q

What does Henry Demarest Lloyd, Lincoln Steffens, and Ray Stannard Baker all have in common?

A

All three of these people were well known muckrakers.

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5
Q

Was one of many causes that emerged in the Progressive Era.

A

Women’s suffrage

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6
Q

https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.7fdfb17c032c831733dedf22781b0a1a?rik=cGwIUcm1dmSEyg&riu=http%3a%2f%2fi.imgur.com%2fQUFnJV2.jpg&ehk=LUq7%2bn3recxlqewgBJJtVzSltT%2fF0HkCF9q8XfF6aGE%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0 What does this picture mean?

A

This picture is showing how western states were the first to grant women more rights in the women’s suffage.

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7
Q

Who came up with the name “muckraker” and why?

A

Theodore Roosevelt, he came up with the name from invoking an ill-spirited character obsessed with filth from The Pilgrim’s Progress, a 1678 Christian allegory written by John Bunyan.

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8
Q

What did Jacob Riis do as a muckraker?

A

Jacob Riis exposed Americans all over the country to the living conditions of the urban poor by taking pictures and publishing them to the public.

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9
Q

What did Ida Tarbell do as a muckraker?

A

She wrote a series of articles on the dangers of John D. Rockefeller’s powerful monopoly, Standard Oil.

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10
Q

What did Lincoln Steffens do as a muckraker?

A

Lincoln Steffens explored corruption in city politics

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11
Q

What did Ray Stannard Baker do as a muckraker?

A

He researched unsafe working conditions and low pay in the coal mines.

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12
Q

What were the main features of progressivism?

A

The main feature is most strove for the perfection of democracy, which required the expansion of suffrage to worthy citizens and the restriction of political participation for those considered “unfit” on account of health, education, or race. Progressives also agreed that democracy had to be balanced with an emphasis on efficiency, reliance on science and technology, and deference to the expertise of professionals.

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13
Q

What does Direct Primary mean?

A

allowed party members to vote directly for a candidate, with the nomination going to the one with the most votes.

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14
Q

What was the first state to use the direct primary method?

A

Florida

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15
Q

How much of the United States currently uses the direct primary?

A

three-quarters of the U.S

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16
Q

What does initiative mean?

A

permitted voters to enact legislation by petitioning to place an idea, or initiative, on the ballot.

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17
Q

What does a referendum mean?

A

allowed voters to counteract legislation by holding a referendum—that is, putting an existing law on the ballot for voters to either affirm or reject.

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18
Q

What does recall mean?

A

permitted citizens to remove a public official from office through a process of petition and vote.

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19
Q

What was the first state to have an initiative on the ballots?

A

South Dakota

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20
Q

How many states have a referendum?

A

Twenty-four current states

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21
Q

(for fun) Can the U.S. president be recalled?

A

No, the people themselves have no such right other than overthrowing the government to remove a sitting president. Congress has no such ability either.

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22
Q

What did the muckrakers do to the 17th amendment?

A

replaced the previous system of having state legislatures choose senators.

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23
Q

What was the Atlanta Compromise?

A

Booker T. Washington’s speech, given at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895, where he urged African Americans to work hard and get along with others in their White communities, so as to earn the goodwill of the country

24
Q

The 1896 Democratic presidential candidate who received significant support from the Populist Party

A

William Jennings Bryan

25
Q

What were some things progressives were trying to accomplish?

A

Make government more directly accountable to the voters, also fought to rid politics of inefficiency, waste, and corruption.

26
Q

What were progressives mainly frustrated about?

A

Frustrated with the corruption and favoritism of machine politics, which wasted enormous sums of taxpayer money and ultimately stalled the progress of cities for the sake of entrenched politicians.

27
Q

https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/c8c525d96e1c25ca3abde7d434aa251249a8
4d94 What does this photograph mean and what happened?

A

The 1900 hurricane in Galveston, Texas, claimed more lives than any other natural disaster in American history.

28
Q

How many people were killed in the 1900 hurricane in Galveston, Texas?

A

8000+ lives were killed

29
Q

How many cities have adopted the city manager system, and what are the three largest cities that adopt these?

A

Over thirty-seven hundred cities, Austin, Dallas, and Phoenix.

30
Q

What is the Wisconsin Idea?

A

A political system created by Robert La Follette, governor of Wisconsin, that embodied many progressive ideals; La Follette hired experts to advise him on improving conditions in his state

31
Q

Who was named “Fighting Bob” and why?

A

Robert M. La Follette, former Governor of Wisconsin, was named these because he signed into law the first workman’s compensation system, approved a minimum wage law, developed a progressive tax law, adopted the direct election of U.S. senators before the subsequent constitutional amendment made it mandatory, and advocated for women’s suffrage.

32
Q

https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/aa44e78a385c79e3e489952ca740b23a34a7e697 What is this picture?

A

An energetic speaker and tireless Progressive, Governor Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette turned the state of Wisconsin into a flagship for democratic reform.

33
Q

What was Taylorism and who started the idea?

A

A system named for Fredrick Winslow Taylor, aimed at improving factory efficiency rates through the principle of standardization; Taylor’s model limited workers to repetitive tasks, reducing human contact and opportunities to think or collaborate

34
Q

https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/6e859e26278a4420bb61a82dd9210f850fe5089a What is the worker in this photo doing?

A

This machinist works alone in a factory that adopted Taylorism

35
Q

What do these pictures mean? And who Photographed them?https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/e88475cb4a940d5ec15aeba8cd9219309ba336c7

A

As part of the National Child Labor Committee’s campaign to raise awareness about the plight of child laborers, Lewis Hine photographed dozens of children in factories around the country, including Addie Card (a), a twelve-year-old spinner working in a mill in Vermont in 1910, and these young boys working at Bibb Mill No. 1 in Macon, Georgia in 1909 (b). Working ten- to twelve-hour shifts, children often worked large machines where they could reach into gaps and remove lint and other debris, a practice that caused plenty of injuries.

36
Q

What happened at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory incident?

A

On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City. 146 workers were killed in the fire, most being young or women. The owners trapped their own workers on the floor due to the blockage of manufacture that blocked the door.

37
Q

https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/51e7055b8d911e3b8d835d45a1b60d10d23c1e52 What does this picture show?

A

It shows the women of the temperance movement holding an open-air prayer meeting outside an Ohio saloon.

38
Q

The two most prominent radical movements to emerge at the beginning of the century were?

A

Socialist Party of America (SPA), founded in 1901, and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), founded in 1905.

39
Q

https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20210823.155019/resources/464ef1ebe20a9d8aea2de1406b189cb558a79587 What is this image showing? Who is this person?

A

This image of Eugene Debs speaking to a crowd in Canton, Ohio, in 1918, illustrates the passion and intensity that made him such a compelling figure to the more radical Progressives.

40
Q

What are Wobblies?

A

It was a nickname for the Industrial Workers of the World, a radical Progressive group that grew out of the earlier labor movement and desired an industrial union model of labor organization

41
Q

Which of the following is not an example of social justice Progressivism?

anti-liquor campaigns
referendums
workplace safety initiatives
improvements in education

A

referendums

42
Q

What system did the direct primary replace?

A

Candidate selection by convention delegates

43
Q 
Which of the following was not a feature of Booker T. Washington’s strategy to improve the lives of African Americans?
self-help
accommodating/tolerating white racism 
immediate protest for equal rights
learning new trades/skills
A

immediate protest for equal rights

44
Q

Who were the “Silent Sentinels”?

A

suffragists who protested outside of the white house

45
Q

Where and when did women first formulate their demand for the right to vote in the Declaration of Sentiments?

A

at a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848,

46
Q

What was the Atlanta Compromise?

A

It was a speech delivered by Booker T Washington at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta in 1895, which was meant to promote the economy of a “New South,”

47
Q

What was Booker T Washington’s goal?

A

Washington extolled the school’s graduates to focus on the Black community’s self-improvement and prove that they were productive members of society even in freedom.

48
Q

What was Roosevelts “Square Deal”

A

It was basically just enacting his own version of progressivism.

49
Q

How did Roosevelt intercede in the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902?
He invited strikers and owners to the White House.
He urged the owners to negotiate a deal.
He threatened to send in the army to work the mines.
He ordered the National Guard to protect the strikers.

A

He invited strikers and owners to the White House

50
Q

Which of the following was not an outcome of the Underwood Tariff Act?
A. It reduced tariffs 15 percent across all imports.
B. It eliminated tariffs for steel.
C. It eliminated tariffs for iron ore.
D. It established a federal banking system to oversee tariffs.

A

D. It established a federal banking system to oversee tariffs.

51
Q

Explain the fundamental differences between Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” and Wilson’s “New Freedom.”

A

Wilson believed that a small federal government could keep bad businesses in check while allowing the country to grow. Roosevelt believed that the country required a large and involved federal government to safeguard the interests of the American people.

52
Q

Why did Wilson’s “New Freedom” agenda come in two distinct phases (1913 and 1916)?

A

They came in two distinct phases because actions were limited by his belief in his New Freedom platform.

53
Q

What was the Anti-Imperialist League?

A

a group of diverse and prominent Americans who banded together in 1898 to protest the idea of American empire building

54
Q

dollar diplomacy

A

Taft’s foreign policy, which involved using American economic power to push for favorable foreign policies

55
Q

Frontier Thesis

A

an idea proposed by Fredrick Jackson Turner, which stated that the encounter of European traditions and a native wilderness was integral to the development of American democracy, individualism, and innovative character

History 101 (2 decks)

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