Chapter 20.1-.2 - Biotechnology

Question 0

Plasmid

Answer 0

A small, circular DNA molecule that replicates separately from the bacterial chromosome.

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 2

Recombinant bacterium

Answer 2

When a plasmid is modified and is returned to a bacterial cell, it becomes one of these.

Question 3

Gene cloning

Answer 3

The creation of multiple copies of a gene through any means

Question 4

Restriction enzyme

Answer 4

This enzyme cuts up foreign DNA to protect its cell

Question 5

Restriction site

Answer 5

Where the restriction enzyme makes the cut.

Question 6

Restriction fragments

Answer 6

The fragments of DNA created after it is cut

Question 7

Sticky end

Answer 7

The double stranded fragments will always have at least one single stranded end (this term)

Question 8

DNA liglase

Answer 8

Makes bonding with the sticky end permanant

Question 9

Cloning vector

Answer 9

Original plasmid

Question 10

Genomic library

Answer 10

The complete set of plasmid carrying clones organized by type of plasmid

Question 11

BAC

Answer 11

A large plasmid, can carry 100-300 kb

Question 12

cDNA

Answer 12

DNA created from mRNA

Question 13

cDNA library

Answer 13

Contains a collection of genes (cDNA genes)

Question 14

Nucleic acid hybridization

Answer 14

Finding specific DNA using a radioactive probe

Question 15

Nucleic acid probe

Answer 15

What scientists use to find DNA, usually radioactive

Question 16

Expression vector

Answer 16

A plasmid that contains a bacterial promoter

Question 17

YAC

Answer 17

Cloning genes with yeast cells

Question 18

Electroporation

Answer 18

A brief electrical pulse creates a hole for scientists to slip in a plasmid

Question 19

PCR

Answer 19

A quick DNA cloning process, after 3 cycles 1/4 of the resulting DNA is the same as the target sequence

Question 20

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 20

The gel acts like a sieve to separate stands of DNA.

Question 21

Southern blotting

Answer 21

A mixture between gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization.

Question 22

Northern blotting

Answer 22

Modified gel electrophoresis with embryos at different stages of developent

Question 23

RT-PCR

Answer 23

Gel electrophoresis with cDNA (with embryos at different stages

Question 24

In situ hybridization

Answer 24

Tracks down the specific mRNA sequences in place using labeled probes

Question 25

DNA microarray assays

Answer 25

A ‘search’ for DNA like nucleic acid hybridization but the DNA is stored in a tray and excess mRNA is washed off

Question 26

In vitro mutagenesis

Answer 26

Specific mutations are introduced into a cloned gene

Question 27

RNAi

Answer 27

Scientists destroy specific genes and see what happens