chapter 20 vocab cards

Question 1

well-being

Answer 1

status of being healthy, happy and prosperous

Question 2

valuation

Answer 2

enviro and eco economists attempt to assign monetary value to intangible benefits and natural capital

Question 3

UNDP

Answer 3

(united nations development program) works with 166 countries around the world to advocate change that will help people obtain a better life through development

Question 4

GPI

Answer 4

(genuine progress indicator) attempts to address this short coming by including measures of personal consumption.

Question 5

environmental worldview

Answer 5

3 dimensions: how you think the world works; how you view your role in it; what you believe to be proper environmental behavior

Question 6

EPA

Answer 6

(environmental protection Agency) oversees all government efforts related to the environment including science research assessment and education

Question 7

technology transfer

Answer 7

happens when less developed countries adopt technological innovations developed in wealthy countries

Question 8

anthropocentric

Answer 8

human centered, world view considers that human beings have intrinsic value

Question 9

OSHA

Answer 9

(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations

Question 10

leapfrogging

Answer 10

when new technology develops in such a way that makes the older technology unnecessary or obsolete

Question 11

stewardship

Answer 11

a subset of anthropocentric worldview is careful and responsible management and care for Earth and its resources

Question 12

DOE

Answer 12

(department of Energy) main goal is to advance the energy and economic security of the U.S.

Question 13

microlending

Answer 13

is the practice of loaning small amounts of money to people who intend to start a small business in less developed countries

Question 14

biocentric

Answer 14

life-centered world view hold that humans are just one of many species on Earth all of which have equal intrinsic value

Question 15

HDI

Answer 15

(Human Development Index) three basic measures of human status: life expectancy; knowledge and education, and standard of living

Question 16

natural capital

Answer 16

refers to the resourses of the planet such as air, water and minerals

Question 17

ecocentric

Answer 17

Earth-centered worldview places equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystems in which they live in and it demands that we consider nature free of any associations with our own existence

Question 18

HPI

Answer 18

(Human Poverty Index) measures three things: longevity; knowledge; and standard of living

Question 19

human capital

Answer 19

refers to human knowledge and abilities

Question 20

UN

Answer 20

(united Nations) institution that promotes dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace

Question 21

command-and-control approach

Answer 21

sets regulations for emissions and controls them with fines or other punishments

Question 22

manufactured capital

Answer 22

refers to all goods and services that humans produce

Question 23

market failure

Answer 23

when economic system does not appropriately account for all costs

Question 24

UNEP

Answer 24

(united nations environment program) headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya

Question 25

incentive-based approach

Answer 25

constructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions based on profits and benefits

Question 26

environmental economics

Answer 26

a subfield of economics that examines the costs and benefits of various polices and regulations that seek to regulate pollution

Question 27

world bank

Answer 27

Headquartered in Washington DC, along with the IMF at a monetary and financial meeting of the United nations in Bretton Woods, NH. provides financial assistance to developing countries

Question 28

green tax

Answer 28

Tax paid by consumers for products or services that are not environmentally friendly.

Question 29

ecological economics

Answer 29

Ecological economics is referred to as both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space

Question 30

WHO

Answer 30

(world health organization) created to improve human health by monitoring and assessing health trends and providing medical advise to countries

Question 31

triple bottom line

Answer 31

concept states that we need to take into account three factors - economic, environmental and social when decisions about business, the economy and development