chapter 20 vocab cards Flashcards
well-being
status of being healthy, happy and prosperous
valuation
enviro and eco economists attempt to assign monetary value to intangible benefits and natural capital
UNDP
(united nations development program) works with 166 countries around the world to advocate change that will help people obtain a better life through development
GPI
(genuine progress indicator) attempts to address this short coming by including measures of personal consumption.
environmental worldview
3 dimensions: how you think the world works; how you view your role in it; what you believe to be proper environmental behavior
EPA
(environmental protection Agency) oversees all government efforts related to the environment including science research assessment and education
technology transfer
happens when less developed countries adopt technological innovations developed in wealthy countries
anthropocentric
human centered, world view considers that human beings have intrinsic value
OSHA
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations
leapfrogging
when new technology develops in such a way that makes the older technology unnecessary or obsolete
stewardship
a subset of anthropocentric worldview is careful and responsible management and care for Earth and its resources
DOE
(department of Energy) main goal is to advance the energy and economic security of the U.S.
microlending
is the practice of loaning small amounts of money to people who intend to start a small business in less developed countries
biocentric
life-centered world view hold that humans are just one of many species on Earth all of which have equal intrinsic value
HDI
(Human Development Index) three basic measures of human status: life expectancy; knowledge and education, and standard of living
natural capital
refers to the resourses of the planet such as air, water and minerals
ecocentric
Earth-centered worldview places equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystems in which they live in and it demands that we consider nature free of any associations with our own existence
HPI
(Human Poverty Index) measures three things: longevity; knowledge; and standard of living
human capital
refers to human knowledge and abilities
UN
(united Nations) institution that promotes dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace
command-and-control approach
sets regulations for emissions and controls them with fines or other punishments
manufactured capital
refers to all goods and services that humans produce
market failure
when economic system does not appropriately account for all costs
UNEP
(united nations environment program) headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya
incentive-based approach
constructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions based on profits and benefits
environmental economics
a subfield of economics that examines the costs and benefits of various polices and regulations that seek to regulate pollution
world bank
Headquartered in Washington DC, along with the IMF at a monetary and financial meeting of the United nations in Bretton Woods, NH. provides financial assistance to developing countries
green tax
Tax paid by consumers for products or services that are not environmentally friendly.
ecological economics
Ecological economics is referred to as both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space
WHO
(world health organization) created to improve human health by monitoring and assessing health trends and providing medical advise to countries
triple bottom line
concept states that we need to take into account three factors - economic, environmental and social when decisions about business, the economy and development
