Chapter 20 Terms

Question 1

biotechnology

Answer 1

the manipulation of living organisms to produce desired products

Question 2

genetic engineering

Answer 2

the directed manipulation of an organism’s genetic material (genes) for practical purposes

Question 3

DNA cloning

Answer 3

a process that makes identical copies of DNA (usually a gene)

Question 4

restriction enzymes

Answer 4

bacterial enzymes that cut double stranded DNA at specific sites called recognition sites

Question 5

restriction fragments

Answer 5

A restriction enzyme usually makes many cuts, yielding these

Question 6

cloning vector

Answer 6

an artificially constructed DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA (recombinant DNA) into a host cell and replicate there

Question 7

plasmid vector

Answer 7

delivers DNA into bacterial cell

Question 8

recombinant DNA

Answer 8

The gene of interest is cut out with restriction enzymes and spliced into a cloning vector to make a recombinant DNA molecule

Question 9

sticky ends

Answer 9

The most useful restriction enzymes cut DNA in a staggered way, producing fragments with “sticky ends”
Sticky ends can bond with complementary sticky ends of other fragments

Question 10

gene cloning

Answer 10

The production of multiple copies of a single gene is a type of DNA cloning