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MRI Preclinical Prep > chapter 20 ppt > Flashcards

chapter 20 ppt Flashcards

1
Q

The first name, when a drug developed, is

likely the

A

chemical name

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2
Q

The simplified version or spin off of the chemical name is called what? Also know as what?

A

generic name or nonproprietary name

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3
Q

Examples of trade, generic and chemical names?

A

Trade name Motrin, chemical name ibuprofen

Trade name Tylenol, chemical name acetaminophen

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4
Q

3 ways to classify drugs is?

A

by name, action, legal classification

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5
Q

_______ : dispensed by licensed pharmacist

_______: not classified as a drug, not controlled by FDA. Ex. Vitamins, dietary sup

A

Prescription, Nonprescription

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6
Q

Dosage forms:
1. ____: Most Common: Can be enteric coated or
scored. Some may be extended release
2.____: Can be powdered or liquid drug contained
in a gelatin shell
3._____: Used for local or systemic effects. Local,
treat asthma/COPD: systemic, general anesthesia
4._____: Inserted into body orifice (dissolves)
5._____: one or more drugs dissolved in liquid carrier.
Rapidly absorbed. Administered orally or parenterally
6.______: one or more drugs in small
particles are suspended in liquid carrier. Not water soluble should be shaken before given. Suspension should never given administered
intravenously
7._______: Applied to skin surface
and absorbed into the bloodstream. Releases drugs over time. Metals in patch can overheat in MRI and cause burns.

A
  1. Tablet
  2. Capsule
  3. Inhalation
  4. Suppository
  5. Solution
  6. Suspension
  7. Transdermal patch
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7
Q

Through the skin

A

parenterally

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8
Q

enteric coated

A

coating on tablet that protects stomach

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9
Q

Classifications of drugs:

Drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

A

Analgesics

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10
Q

2 categories of analgesics

A

opioids, non-opioids

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11
Q

define opioids, give examples and side effects

A

narcotics
examples: demerol, morphine
side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, dependency

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12
Q

define non-opioids, give examples and side effects

A

non-narcotic
examples: tylenol(acetaminophen)
side effects: no dependency

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13
Q

classifications of drugs:

Act on CNS to produce loss of sensation.

A

Anesthetics

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14
Q

2 types of Anesthetics

A

General and Local

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15
Q

define general Anesthetics and give 2 examples

A

You are asleep and monitored, inhalation or IV, major surgery, used in old days was ether, more modern is pentothal.

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16
Q

define local anesthetics

A

block nerve conduction to that part of the body.

Examples: Novacaine, Lidocaine.

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17
Q

classifications of drugs:

Treat anxiety. Act on the CNS- central nervous system to calm the patient.

A

Antianxiety Agents

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18
Q

give examples of antianxiety agents?

A

Valium, Versed: pre op drug for anxiety Xanax

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19
Q

classifications of drugs:

Used to treat heart arrhythmia. example: Cordarone

A

Antiarrhythymics

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20
Q

classifications of drugs:

Used to destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms.

A

antibiotic

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21
Q

2 kinds of antibiotics

A

broad spectrum and narrow spectrum

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22
Q

define broad spectrum antibiotic and give examples

A

effective against large number of microorganisms.

Example, Z–pack, Cipro

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23
Q

define narrow spectrum antibiotic and give examples

A

effective against small number of microorganisms.

example: penicillin, erthyromyacin, amoxicilan

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24
Q

classifications of drugs:
Reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of gastrointestinal tract, and secretions of respiratory tract and secretory glands. May cause dry mouth, rapid heartbeat and delirium.

A

Anticholinergics (anti-spasmatic)

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25
Q

example of anticholinergics

A

Atropine
Will see on crash carts. inhibit secretions, prevent bradycardia
-Barium enema: glucagon given(keeps intestine from spasms)

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26
Q

classifications of drugs:
Slows down the coagulation time of blood. (inhibit clotting time)
-Prevent thromboembolic disorders

A

Anticoagulants

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27
Q

examples of an anticoagulant

A
  1. Heparin: Used in angiography, so catheter doesn’t collect blood clots on it when placed in vessel. Syringe of heparin on tray, radiologist will shoot some in now and then. Foreign bodies in blood stream tend to collect clots. Watch overdose….can have internal hemorrhage. Heparin is administered intravenously. Should not be administered intramuscular because can cause a hematoma.
  2. Coumadin: Oral anti-coagulant
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28
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Drugs used to prevent or control seizures…either grand mal or petite mal. (they don’t treat cause of the seizure)

A

Anticonvulsants

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29
Q

define petit mal

A

“absence seizures”(brief loss and return of consciousness)

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30
Q

examples of anticonvulsants

A

Dilantin (Phenytoin) for “generalized
(grand mal) seizures.”
• -Depakote controls “absence seizures”(petit mal)

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31
Q

define grand mal

A

loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions

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32
Q

Classification of Drugs:
Treatment of depression. (6-12 wks for effect) is called what?
-Side effects can be nausea, vomiting, interaction with other meds

A

Antidepressants

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33
Q

define serotonin

A

makes synapse of the nerves more smooth. Low serotonin levels assoc. with depression

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34
Q

define SSRI and give examples

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in treatment of depression and panic disorders
examples: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro

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35
Q

define thromboembolic disorders.

A

blocking blood vessels due to clot. side effect of anticoagulants

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36
Q

Classification of Drugs:

To control blood sugar levels.

A

Antidiabetic agents

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37
Q

examples of antidiabetics and side effects

A

Glyburide (Micronase), glipzide (Glucotrol) and metformin (Glucophage or Glucovance) and Pioglitazone (Actos). Interaction with contrast can cause renal failure.

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38
Q

Classification of Drugs:
Drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting.(give emesis)
-Better to be given before onset of symptoms

A

Antiemetics

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39
Q

examples of antiemetics

A

Compazine and Zofran

40
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Suppress or destroy fungi.

A

Antifungal Agents

41
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Treat both acute(reactions) and chronic allergic disorders.

A

Antihistamines

42
Q

2 groups of antihistamines

A

sedating and non-sedating

43
Q

define Sedating and give example

A

(first generation). Example: Benadryl which will be on crash cart.
If emergency then administered intramuscularly.

44
Q

define non-sedating and give example

A

(second generation). Example: Claratin, Allegra orally for not as severe allergic disorders.

45
Q

2 types of diabetes and examples of antidiabetics used

A
  1. Type 1 or diabetic mellitus (DM)
    absence of insulin.
  2. Type 2 insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. (hyperglycemia)
    Glyburide (Micronase), glipzide (Glucotrol) and metformin (Glucophage or Glucovance) and Pioglitazone (Actos). (helps control blood sugar levels)
46
Q

Radiographers responsibilities

A
  1. patient history
  2. selection and preparation of contrast media
  3. preparation for possible reaction: fully stocked emergency cart with epinephrine, CPR equipment, O2 and suction available
47
Q

Classification of Drugs:
Reduce lipid levels in blood stream. If build up of lipid levels, then can lead to condition called atherosclerosis.
(Leading cause of death in US for both sexes). *cholesterol should not be over 200…blood test to find

A

Antihyperlipdemic Agents

48
Q

One group of antihyperlipdemic’s, examples and side effects

A

statins

  • Two common drugs: Lipitor and Zocor.
  • Side Effects: constipation, abd. pain, and/or muscle pain.
49
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Used to treat hypertension. (HBP). Often used with diuretics to treat high blood pressure.

A

Antihypertensives

50
Q

examples of Antihypertensives

A

Tenormin (atenolol), Lopressor (metoprolol), Vasotec (enalapril).

51
Q

reduces fluid in body

A

diuretics, used in combination with antihypertensive drugs

52
Q

HBP

A

high blood pressure, hypertension

53
Q

Classification of Drugs:
Inhibit platelet build up in blood stream. Can cause bleeding. Often called what_______?
Needed when you have MI(__________),
strokes and TIA’s(_________).

A

Antiplatelets, also know as blood thinners

Myocardial infarction, Trans ischemic attack

54
Q

Examples of antiplatelets:

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix), Abciximab (Repro).

55
Q

Classification of Drugs:
Treat psychiatric disorders (i.e. schizophrenia).
Adverse effects are?

A

Antipsychotics, sedation and orthostatic hypertension.

56
Q

Dizzy when you stand up or sit too fast is called what?

A

orthostatic hypertension

57
Q

Example of antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol(Haldol)

58
Q

Classification of Drugs:
For peptic ulcers(both gastro and duodenal).
Also used for GERD.

A

Antiulcer Agents

59
Q

GERD means?

A

Gastro esophageal reflux disorder. Reflux of acid from stomach into esophagus

60
Q

Peptic ulcers are from what?

not from stomach acid.

A

a bacteria called “Helicobacter Pylori”

61
Q

Examples of Antiulcer Agents?

A

Zantac, Prevacid

62
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Destroy or suppress growth of viruses.

A

Antiviral

63
Q

Examples of viruses that antiviral drugs are used for?

A

herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingles, influenza,

infections with HIV.

64
Q

Examples of antiviral drugs? And what do they treat?

A

Retrovir and AZT treat HIV infections

65
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Treatment of asthma and COPD. They dilate what? Side effects are?

A

Bronchodilators, bronchioles, nervousness and tachycardia

66
Q

COPD means what?

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

67
Q

Example of a Bronchodilator?

A

Albuterol(Proventil)

68
Q

Classification of Drugs:
prevents too much uptake of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter.
Used to treat what?

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Alzheimer’s Disease

69
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Control hemorrhage or speed up coagulation. Most are a manufactured form of what?

A

Coagulants, vitamin K

70
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Treat both long term chronic inflammatory disorders and short term treatment of acute inflammatory disorders.

A

Corticosteroids

71
Q

Examples of Corticosteroids?

A

Flovent(lungs) and Depro(joints)

72
Q

Classification of Drugs:

Increase the amount of urine being excreted by the kidneys.

A

Diuretics

73
Q

Diuretics are also used with what? Give an example of a diuretic?

A

antihypertensive drugs, Lasix

74
Q

Emetics

A

Drugs used to produce emesis (vomiting)

75
Q

Example of an Emetic drug?

A

Ipecac

76
Q

Hormones

A

Drugs that act as to stimulate the functional

activity of endocrine system

77
Q

Examples of Hormone drugs and what they do?

A

Premarin(hormone replacment), Tamoxifen(estrogen inhibitor), Estrogen blocker(stops breast cancer growth)

78
Q

Laxatives

A

Can be used to prepare patients for procedures

79
Q

Mood stabilizing drugs

A

prevent mood swings, treat manic depression and bipolar disorders

80
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

abbrevated NSAIDS, act as an analgesic, reduce fever and inflammation

81
Q

Examples of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

Ibuprofen(Motrin), Celebrex, can cause GI bleeding

82
Q

Sedatives

A

Also called hypnotic, depresses the Central Nervous System, mild sedation to sleep, can lead to addictions

83
Q

Example of sedative

A

Zolpidem(Ambien)

84
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase function and/or activity of CNS and brain.

-Used for ADHD and narcolepsy.

85
Q

Examples of stimulants?

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) for ADHD. (Adderall) and Dopamine (Intropin) often on crash cart to stimulate myocardium of heart and to prevent shock and hypertension

86
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve clots

87
Q

Example of thromolytic drug?

A

Alteplase(Activase), for myocardial infarction/stoke

88
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Cause blood vessels to constrict

89
Q

Example of vsoconstrictor drug?

A

norepinephrine

90
Q

Vasodilators

A

Cause blood vessels to dilate, used for vascular disease and angina

91
Q

Angina

A

heart pain

92
Q

Examples of vasodilator drugs?

A

nitroglycerin, nitro patch, epinephrine

93
Q

Drug families

A

drugs that have similar chemical actions. example is analgesics(relieve pain)

94
Q

Legal Classification

A

prescription or non prescription

95
Q

thromboembolic disorders

A

blocking blood vessels due to clot

96
Q

What does serotonin do and what can happen if it is low?

A
  • Low serotonin levels assoc. with depression

* Serotonin makes synapse of the nerves more smooth

97
Q

ischemia

A

Not getting enough blood

MRI Preclinical Prep (2 decks)

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