Chapter 20- Phylogenetic trees

Question 1

systematics

Answer 1

classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships

Question 2

taxonomy

Answer 2

science of classifying and naming organisms

Question 3

Tools used to determine evolutionary relationships

Answer 3

1. fossils
2. Morphology
3. Molecular evidence (dna)

Question 4

binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

binomial refers to the two part format of the scientific species name

Question 5

what is the first part of the name?

Answer 5

the genus

Question 6

what is the second part of a binomial- also what is special about it?

Answer 6

a) the specific epithet
b) it is unique for each species

Question 7

phylogenetic tree

Answer 7

branching diagram that shows the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 8

what does a phylogenetic tree represent?

Answer 8

represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships

Question 9

what does each branch point represent?

Answer 9

the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor

Question 10

sister taxa

Answer 10

groups that share an immediate common ancestor not shared by any other group

Question 11

cladogram

Answer 11

relationship between different organisms with respective to a common ancestor

Question 12

The difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree

Answer 12

cladogram is the relationship between different organisms with respective to a common ancestor whereas a phylogenetic tree shows the relationship between different organisms with respect to evolutionary time and the amount of change with time

Question 13

cladograms

Answer 13

diagram that depicts patterns of shared characteristics among taxa

Question 14

clade

Answer 14

a group of species that includes an ancestral species+ all the descendants