Chapter 20-patterns of inheritance and variation

Question 1

definition of Genotype

Answer 1

the genetic constitution of an organism (the different alleles it has for genes)

Question 2

Defintion of phenotype

Answer 2

the expression of genes and its interaction with the environment

Question 3

definition of homozygous

Answer 3

a pair of homologous chromosomes that carry the same alleles for a single gene

Question 4

definition of heterozygous

Answer 4

a pair of homologous chromosomes that carry two different alleles for a single gene.

Question 5

definition of recessive allele

Answer 5

an allele that will only be expressed if no dominant allele is present

Question 6

definition of dominant allele

Answer 6

an allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 7

Definition of codominant

Answer 7

both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype

Question 8

definition of multiple alleles

Answer 8

more than two alleles for a single gene

Question 9

definition of sex linkage

Answer 9

gene whose locus is on the x chromosome

Question 10

definition of autosomal linkage

Answer 10

genes that are located on the same chromosome (not the sex chromosomes)

Question 11

definition of epistasis

Answer 11

when one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene on a different locus

Question 12

definition of monohybrid

Answer 12

genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene

Question 13

definition of dihybrid

Answer 13

genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by two genes