chapter 20: chemical texture services

Question 1

the term ph is an abbreviation for _____, and symbolizes the quantity of _____, ions in solution

Answer 1

hydrogen; hydrogen

Question 2

measure the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

Answer 2

pH scale

Question 3

chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to alkaline in order to

Answer 3

soften and swell the shaft

Question 4

coarse, resistant hair with strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is

Answer 4

highly alkaline

Question 5

easily broken by changes in the pH

Answer 5

salt bonds

Question 6

hydrogen bonds easily broken by water or heat, but form as the hair is

Answer 6

dried

Question 7

2 step process in which hair is wrapped then chemically changed with a solution and neutralizer

Answer 7

permanent waxing

Question 8

what determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process

Answer 8

size of the rod

Question 9

once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction

Answer 9

reduction

Question 10

what are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving

Answer 10

thioglycolate acids

Question 11

what is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution

Answer 11

degree of alkalinity

Question 12

what is the most active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions

Answer 12

glycerly monothioglycolate

Question 13

permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH are what kind of waves

Answer 13

acid-balanced

Question 14

exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up

Answer 14

processing

Question 15

perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia for less odor is

Answer 15

ammonia-free

Question 16

it is important for stylists to remember that ammonia free does not necessarily mean

Answer 16

damage free

Question 17

the process that stops the perm and rebuilds the hair to its new form is

Answer 17

thio neutralization

Question 18

what is the most common neutralizer

Answer 18

hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

also known as circle rods

with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod

Answer 19

loop rods

Question 20

one perm end paper is placed under and another placed over the strand of hair is which wrap

Answer 20

double

Question 21

one end paper folded in half over the hair like an envelope is which wrap technique

Answer 21

bookend

Question 22

caution should be used with on base rod placement to avoid additional

Answer 22

stress and tension on hair

Question 23

what kind of placement minimizes stress and tension on the hair

Answer 23

half-off base

Question 24

what is another name for the double rod wrap technique

Answer 24

piggy back wrap

Question 25

very effective technique for blending perm rods with opposite base directions

Answer 25

weave technique

Question 26

chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows signs of

Answer 26

abrasions

Question 27

what is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers

Answer 27

hydrogen ion

Question 28

sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called

Answer 28

lye relaxers

Question 29

relaxers that contain two components and are mixed immediately are

Answer 29

guanidine hydroxide

Question 30

how do keratin straightening treatments work

Answer 30

fixing the keratin in place