Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Flashcards
about 20% of the carboxylic produced worldwide is for the preparation of…?
Vinyl Acetate
how are carboxylic acids systematically named?
The terminal -e of the corresponding alkane is replaced with -oic acid
compounds containing -C(TripleBond)N are called what?
How is the suffix applied?
Grounds containing -CN are called Nitriles
The suffix -nitrile is added to the end of the alkane IUPAC name
Detail why the boiling point of carboxylic acids is high than the corresponding alcohol and how carboxylic acids exist mostly as dimers..,
carboxylic acids have a strong association for hydrogen bonding, two hydrogen bonds increase the boiling point of carboxylic acid significantly.
Carboxylic acids dimerize by the hydrogen bonding f the two acid (OH) Hydrogens.
carboxylic acids react with bases and salts to give….. what type of salts?
To yield carboxylate salts, RCO2- M+.
Carboxylic acids with more than 6 carbons are slightly soluble in water..
why are carboxylic acids much more acidic than alcohols?
alcohol dissociates to give an alkoxide ion, where the corresponding conjugate base has the negative charge concentrated on a single oxygen atom.
The carboxylic acid has a carboxylate ion, in which the negative charge is delocalized on two different oxygen atoms.
[In terms of resonance, the carboxylate structure is stabilized by two equivalent structures. therefor the carboxylate ion is much more stable and lower in energy.]
Define the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation..
pKa equals the -log (the concentration of H3O and the concentration of the conjugate base/the concentration of the acid)
How can the henderson Hasselbalch equation be rearranged to solve for pH??
pH equals the pKa + the log (concentration of conjugate base of concentration of the acid)
Preparation of carboxylic acids… with KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7.. detail the mechanism and the limits…
Preparation of Carboxylic acids using CrO3/H3O+..
Both primary and secondary groups are oxidized, converting them into carboxyli acids. An oxidation exception is the teriary alkyl substituents are not oxidized.
Primary alcohols and aldehydes can be oxidized by CrO3 to yield carboxylic acids.
