Chapter 20: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

MATCH THE DEFINITIONS: Match each word w/ its definition.
1.) Ectopic hormone
2.) Hirsutism
3.) Ghrelin
4.) Incretin
5.) Myxedema

a.) Hormone secreted by intestinal endocrine cells
b.) Hormone secreted by nonendocrine tissues
c.) Nonpitting boggy edema caused by infiltration of mucopolysaccharides & proteins between connective tissue fibers in the dermis
d.) Excessive growth of facial & body hair
e.) Hormone secreted by gastric cells & epsilon cells in the pancreatic islets.

Question 2

SORT THE DISORDERS: Write the names of the endocrine disorders w/ their dysfunctioning organs.
- Sort these 7 disorders: primary hyperthyroidism, secondary hyperthyroidism, SIADH, Cushing disease, diabetes insipidus, primary hypothyroidism, secondary hypothyroidism
1.) 2 disorders caused by posterior pituitary dysfunction: _____________ & _____________.
2.) 2 disorders caused by a problem within the thyroid gland: ________________ & ______________.
3.) 3 disorders caused by a problem in the anterior pituitary gland: _______________, ______________, & ________________.

Question 3

PICK THE CORRECT WORDS: Pick the correct word from the choices provided to compete these sentences.

1.) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is characterized by (high, low) levels of ADH in the absence of normal control mechanisms.
2.) An active anterior pituitary adenoma usually causes (hyposecretion, hypersecretion) of hormones from the adenoma itself & (hyposecretion, hypersecretion) of hormones from the surrounding pituitary cells.
3.) Individuals who have gestational diabetes have (decreased, increased) risk for type 2 diabetes later in life.
4.) Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing type (1,2) diabetes
5.) In autoimmune type (1,2) diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by autoreactive (cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells).
6.) People who have type 1 diabetes have a deficit of insulin & (glucagon, amylin) a relative excess of (glucagon, amylin).
7.) In diabetes, microvascular disease refers to (accelerated atherosclerosis, destruction of capillaries), whereas macro-vascular disease refers to (accelerated atherosclerosis, destruction of capillaries), whereas macro-vascular disease refers to (accelerated atherosclerosis, destruction of capillaries).

Question 4

MATCH THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Match the clinical manifestations w/ the disorder on the left.

1.) SIADH
2.) Hypothyroidism
3.) Pheochromocytoma
4.) Adrenal adenoma causing hypersecretion of androgens in a woman
5.) Diabetic ketoacidosis
6.) Hypoglycemia
7.) Primary hyperaldosteronism
8.) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
9.) Diabetes insipidus
10.) Addison disease

a.) Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headache, diaphoresis, heat intolerance, weight loss, constipation
b.) Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, hypernatremia, increased plasma osmolality, large volume of dilute urine
c.) Polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, increased appetite, weight loss, hyperglycemia, glycosuria
d.) Weakness, fatigue, hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, elevated ACTH
e.) Lethargy, cold intolerance, hoarseness, nonpitting boggy edema around eyes, coarse hair, decreased body temperature
f.) Lethargy, hyponatremia, perhaps seizure, decreased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine
g.) Tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremor, pallor, confusion, decreased level of consciousness, perhaps seizure.
h.) Virilization: lack of breast development, hirsutism, increased muscle bulk
i.) Polyuria, decreased level of consciousness, Kussmaul breathing, acetone smell to breath, hyperglycemia, decreased blood pH, ketonuria, glycosuria
j.) Hypertension, hypokalemia, increased blood pH, increased urine potassium

Question 4

DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCES: Describe the difference between the items.

1.) What is the difference between a primary & a secondary endocrine disorder?
2.) What is the difference between thyrotoxicosis & a thyrotoxic crisis?
3.) What is the difference between neurogenic & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
4.) What is the difference between acromegaly & giantism?

Question 5

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES: Write one word