Chapter 20

Question 1

DM

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus.

a disease that frequently causes changes in the patient’s mental status resulting from alterations in the blood glucose.

Question 2

When is it dangerous and detrimental to give patients glucose?

Answer 2

When they have head injury or stroke. Glucose brings water into the brain and causes the brain to swell.

Question 3

What are the three main functions of insulin?

Answer 3

1) Increases movement of glucose out of the blood and into the cell.
2) Causes liver to take up the glucose out of the blood and convert it into glycogen, the stored form of glucose.
3) Decreases the blood glucose level by the actions listed in 1 and 2: facilitating the movement of the glucose into the cells and liver.

Question 4

What are the three main functions of glucagon?

Answer 4

1) Converts glycogen stored in the liver back into glucose and releases it into the blood.
2) Converts other, noncarbohydrate substances into glucose.
3) Increase and maintains blood glucose.

It’s goal is to raise and maintain the blood glucose level.

Question 5

What two things produce glucose?

Answer 5

1) glycogen

2) noncarbohydrates

Question 6

What is the reading of a hypoglycemic patient?

Answer 6

BGL of 60mh/dL or less

Question 7

What is the primary sign of hypoglycemia?

Answer 7

Altered mental status

Question 8

What is the reading of hyperglycemia?

Answer 8

A persistent BGL greater than 120mg/dL

Question 9

What are the three “P’s” that help diagnose DM?

Answer 9

1) Polydipsia (frequent thirst)
2) Polyuria (frequent urination)
3) Polyphagia (hungry)

Question 10

What is Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 10

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). They need to inject or inhale insulin.

Question 11

DKA

Answer 11

Diabetic Ketoacidosis. hyperglycemia resulting in dehydration and a buildup of acid. More common in Type 1 DM

Question 12

What is Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 12

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Pt do not need to take insulin. They take drugs that help[ the pancrease secrete more insulin.

Question 13

HHNS

Answer 13

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. hyperglycemia with some insulin, causing dehydration but no acid buildup. More common in Type 2 DM

Question 14

What is Kussmaul respirations?

Answer 14

A pattern of very deep and rapid breathing that is commonly seen in DKA patients.

Question 15

What is the “hyperosmolar” effect?

Answer 15

Glucose draws large amounts of water with it into the urine, which causes the pt to sffer from dehydration.