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CHAPTER 20 > CHAPTER 20 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

the stiffening of the arteries with age

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system; vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

simple squamous epithelium overlying a basement membrane ; make up the tunica interna

A

endothelium

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4
Q

short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries

A

metarterioles

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5
Q

number of tunics in arteries and veins

A

three

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6
Q

arterial sense organs that are chemoreceptors; monitor blood ph, and carbon dioxide and oxyen levels;; located near the branch of the common carotids

A

carotid bodies

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7
Q

lines the vessles and is exposed to blood ; tunica intima; thinnest tunic

A

tunica interna

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8
Q

afferent vessels that carry blood back to the the heart

A

veins

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9
Q

collective name for arterioles, capillaries, and venules, microcirculation

A

microvasculature

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10
Q

the changing in the diameter of a blood vessel due to the action of the smooth muscle in the tunica media

A

vasomotion

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11
Q

type of aneurysm in which blood accumulates between the tunics of an artery and separates them; usually because of the degeneration of the tunia media

A

dissecting

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12
Q

arterial sense organs that are pressure sensors that respond to changes in blood pressure; located in the wall of the internal carotid artery

A

carotid sinuses

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13
Q

a weak point in an artery or in the heart wall; forms a bulging cas that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may eventually rupture

A

aneurysm

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14
Q

arterial sense organs that are chemoreceptors; located in the aortic arch

A

aortic bodies

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15
Q

type of capilary in most tissues; their endothelial cells are held together by tight junctions and form a continuus tube

A

continuous

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16
Q

smooth muscle cells of the metarteriole that encircles the entrance to one capillary

A

precapillary sphinters

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17
Q

another name for arteries because they have a relatively strong, resilient tissue structure

A

resistance vessels

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18
Q

small gaps between endothelial cells of continuous capillaries

A

intercellular clefts

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19
Q

capillaries are absent from _____ and the cornea and lens of the eyes

A

epithelia

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20
Q

another name for capillaries; the business end of the cardiovascular system; rest of the system exists to serve the exchange process that occurs here

A

exchange vessels

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21
Q

muscular or medium arteries; distribute blood to specific organs

A

distributing arteries

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22
Q

type of capillaries that have endothelial cells riddled with patches of filtration pores; fenestrtions

A

fenestrated

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23
Q

small blood vessels that supply the tissue of the larger vessels; norish at least the outer half of large vessels

A

vasa vasorum

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24
Q

small arteries; usually dont have individual names

A

resistance arteries

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25
outermost layer ; consists of loose connective tiisue; anchors vessels and provides passage of small nerves , lymphatic vessles and mall blood vessels, tunicaadvetitia
tunica externa
26
the biggest; elastic or large arteries; have layer of elastic tissue between the interna and the media; expand during ventricular systole to receive blood, and recoil during diastole
conducting arteries
27
microscopic, thin-walled vessles that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins
capillaries
28
layers of blood vessles walls
tunics
29
middle layer; usually thickest; consists of smooth muscle, collagen and smotimes elastic tissue; capable of changing the diameter of the blood vessel.
tunica media
30
type of anastomoses in which two arteries merge providing collateral route of blood supply to a tissue
arterial
31
the artery most frequently used to take blood pressure;
brachial
32
flaps extending into the lumen of many medium veins; keeps blood from flowing backwards
venous valves
33
the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
pulse pressure
34
smallest veins; receive blood from the capillaries; more porous than capillaries; exchange fluid with the surrounding tissues
postcapillary venules
35
receive blood from the postcapillary venules
muscular venules
36
circulatory route in which the blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart
portal system
37
most common anastomoes; provide alternative routes of drainage from an organ
venous
38
relatively thin walled and flaccid vessels; expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood; veins
capacitance vessels
39
receives blood from the muscular venules
medium veins
40
capillaries are organized into networks
capillary beds
41
commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90; high blood pressure
hypertension
42
the physical principles of blood flow
hemodynamics
43
veins with especially thin walls, large lumens and no smooth muscle; not capable of vasomotion; coronary sinus of the heart and dural sinus of the brain
venous sinuses
44
continuation of the metarteriole through the capillary bed directly to the venule
thoroughfare channel
45
a point where two blood vessels merge
anastomosic
46
the amount of blood flowing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time
flow
47
one of the two pressures recorded in blood pressure; the minimum arterial BP occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats
diastolic
48
the flow per given volume or mass of tissue
perfusion
49
type of capillary that are irregular blood filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs
sinusoids
50
fainting
syncope
51
growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls; can become calcified
atherosclerosis
52
biggest veins; venae cavae, pulmonary veins, internal jugular and renal veins
large veins
53
fatty deposits in the arterial walls that can become calcified, and give the arteries a hard, bonelike consistency
complicated plaques
54
chronic low resting BP
hypotension
55
the mean pressure you would obtain if you took measurements at several intervals throughout the cardiac cycle
MAP
56
the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall
blood pressure
57
the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface, such as a capillary wall
hydrostatic pressure
58
substances secreted by platelets, endothelial cells, and the perivascular tissue that stimulate vasomotion
vasoactive chemicals
59
an autonomic response to reduced perfusion of the brain; medulla monitors its own blood supply; activates corrective reflexs when it senses a state of ischemia
medullary ischemic reflex
60
the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply
autoregulation
61
blood velocity in the systemic circuit is fastest in largest artery
aorta
62
veins with irregular dilations and twisted pathways as a result of leaky valves usually in superficial veins
varicose veins
63
hormone released by the adrenal medulla that stimulates vasoconstriction and raises the blood pressure
epinephrine
64
varicose veins of the anal canal
hemorrhoids
65
mechanisms of movement of substances through the capillary wall; endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane
transcytosis
66
area of the medulla oblongata that exerts sympathetic control over blood vessels
vasomotor center
67
the opposition to flow that the blood encounters in vessels away from the heart
peripheral resistance
68
an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure
baroreflex
69
blood velocity in the systemic circuit is slowest in these smallest vessels
capillaries
70
the widening of a blood vessel; occurs in response to relaxation of the smooth muscle allowing blood pressure to expand the vessel
vasodilation
71
a mechanism of venous return in which the veins are surrounded and massaged by the muscles
skeletal muscle pump
72
the flow of blood back to the heart
venous return
73
adjusting the radius of the blood vessel
vasomotion
74
promotes water retention by the kidneys; raise blood pressure
antidiuretic hormone
75
salt retaining hormone; promotes sodium retention by thee kidneys; water follows sodium osmotically and promotes water retention ; higher blood volume and blood pressure
aldosterone
76
smooth, silent blood flow; flows in layers; faster near the center of the vessel; slower near the walls here he friction is high
lamina flow
77
the narrowing of a blood vessel; occurs when smooth muscle pf the tunica media contracts
vasoconstriction
78
mechanisms of movement of substances through the capillary wall; movement of lipid soluble molecules from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area
diffusion
79
a mechanism of venous return in which the thoracic and abdonminal cavities alternate pressure which squeezes blood in the inferior vena cava upward
respiratory pump
80
growth of new blood vessels
angiogenesis
81
the accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue; occurs when fluid filters into a tissue faster than it is reabsorbed
edema
82
an autonomic response to changes in blood chemistry; adjusts respiration in results to changes in blood chemistry; also stimulate vasomotion
chemoreflex
83
potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure
angiotensin
84
hormones that antagonize aldosterone and lower blood pressure
natriuretic peptides
85
type of low venous return shock that occurs when any object compresses a vein and impedes its blood flow
obstructed venous return shock
86
second portion of the aorta; curves like an inverted "U"; gives off three major arteries; brachiocephalic, left common caroid, and left subclavian
aortic arch
87
a type of low venous return shock in which too much of the bodys blood accumulates in the lower body
vascular shock
88
a deeper level of shock in which several life threatening postive feedback loops occur; need medical treatment to reserve the positive feedback
decompensated shock
89
without oxygen
anoxia
90
cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart
LVR shock
91
any state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs
circulatory shock
92
results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic; antigen-antibody complexes trigger the release of hisamine which causes generalized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
anaphylactic shock
93
when a person is still , blood accumulates in the limbs because the venous pressure is not high enough to override the weight of the blood and drive upward
venous pooling
94
type of low venous return shock produced by excessive blood loss
hypovolumic shock

CHAPTER 20 (1 decks)

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