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CHAPTER 20 > CHAPTER 20 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 20 Flashcards

1
Q

the stiffening of the arteries with age

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system; vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

simple squamous epithelium overlying a basement membrane ; make up the tunica interna

A

endothelium

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4
Q

short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries

A

metarterioles

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5
Q

number of tunics in arteries and veins

A

three

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6
Q

arterial sense organs that are chemoreceptors; monitor blood ph, and carbon dioxide and oxyen levels;; located near the branch of the common carotids

A

carotid bodies

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7
Q

lines the vessles and is exposed to blood ; tunica intima; thinnest tunic

A

tunica interna

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8
Q

afferent vessels that carry blood back to the the heart

A

veins

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9
Q

collective name for arterioles, capillaries, and venules, microcirculation

A

microvasculature

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10
Q

the changing in the diameter of a blood vessel due to the action of the smooth muscle in the tunica media

A

vasomotion

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11
Q

type of aneurysm in which blood accumulates between the tunics of an artery and separates them; usually because of the degeneration of the tunia media

A

dissecting

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12
Q

arterial sense organs that are pressure sensors that respond to changes in blood pressure; located in the wall of the internal carotid artery

A

carotid sinuses

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13
Q

a weak point in an artery or in the heart wall; forms a bulging cas that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may eventually rupture

A

aneurysm

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14
Q

arterial sense organs that are chemoreceptors; located in the aortic arch

A

aortic bodies

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15
Q

type of capilary in most tissues; their endothelial cells are held together by tight junctions and form a continuus tube

A

continuous

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16
Q

smooth muscle cells of the metarteriole that encircles the entrance to one capillary

A

precapillary sphinters

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17
Q

another name for arteries because they have a relatively strong, resilient tissue structure

A

resistance vessels

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18
Q

small gaps between endothelial cells of continuous capillaries

A

intercellular clefts

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19
Q

capillaries are absent from _____ and the cornea and lens of the eyes

A

epithelia

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20
Q

another name for capillaries; the business end of the cardiovascular system; rest of the system exists to serve the exchange process that occurs here

A

exchange vessels

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21
Q

muscular or medium arteries; distribute blood to specific organs

A

distributing arteries

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22
Q

type of capillaries that have endothelial cells riddled with patches of filtration pores; fenestrtions

A

fenestrated

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23
Q

small blood vessels that supply the tissue of the larger vessels; norish at least the outer half of large vessels

A

vasa vasorum

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24
Q

small arteries; usually dont have individual names

A

resistance arteries

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25
Q

outermost layer ; consists of loose connective tiisue; anchors vessels and provides passage of small nerves , lymphatic vessles and mall blood vessels, tunicaadvetitia

A

tunica externa

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26
Q

the biggest; elastic or large arteries; have layer of elastic tissue between the interna and the media; expand during ventricular systole to receive blood, and recoil during diastole

A

conducting arteries

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27
Q

microscopic, thin-walled vessles that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

A

capillaries

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28
Q

layers of blood vessles walls

A

tunics

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29
Q

middle layer; usually thickest; consists of smooth muscle, collagen and smotimes elastic tissue; capable of changing the diameter of the blood vessel.

A

tunica media

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30
Q

type of anastomoses in which two arteries merge providing collateral route of blood supply to a tissue

A

arterial

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31
Q

the artery most frequently used to take blood pressure;

A

brachial

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32
Q

flaps extending into the lumen of many medium veins; keeps blood from flowing backwards

A

venous valves

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33
Q

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

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34
Q

smallest veins; receive blood from the capillaries; more porous than capillaries; exchange fluid with the surrounding tissues

A

postcapillary venules

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35
Q

receive blood from the postcapillary venules

A

muscular venules

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36
Q

circulatory route in which the blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart

A

portal system

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37
Q

most common anastomoes; provide alternative routes of drainage from an organ

A

venous

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38
Q

relatively thin walled and flaccid vessels; expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood; veins

A

capacitance vessels

39
Q

receives blood from the muscular venules

A

medium veins

40
Q

capillaries are organized into networks

A

capillary beds

41
Q

commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90; high blood pressure

A

hypertension

42
Q

the physical principles of blood flow

A

hemodynamics

43
Q

veins with especially thin walls, large lumens and no smooth muscle; not capable of vasomotion; coronary sinus of the heart and dural sinus of the brain

A

venous sinuses

44
Q

continuation of the metarteriole through the capillary bed directly to the venule

A

thoroughfare channel

45
Q

a point where two blood vessels merge

A

anastomosic

46
Q

the amount of blood flowing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time

A

flow

47
Q

one of the two pressures recorded in blood pressure; the minimum arterial BP occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats

A

diastolic

48
Q

the flow per given volume or mass of tissue

A

perfusion

49
Q

type of capillary that are irregular blood filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs

A

sinusoids

50
Q

fainting

A

syncope

51
Q

growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls; can become calcified

A

atherosclerosis

52
Q

biggest veins; venae cavae, pulmonary veins, internal jugular and renal veins

A

large veins

53
Q

fatty deposits in the arterial walls that can become calcified, and give the arteries a hard, bonelike consistency

A

complicated plaques

54
Q

chronic low resting BP

A

hypotension

55
Q

the mean pressure you would obtain if you took measurements at several intervals throughout the cardiac cycle

A

MAP

56
Q

the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall

A

blood pressure

57
Q

the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface, such as a capillary wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

58
Q

substances secreted by platelets, endothelial cells, and the perivascular tissue that stimulate vasomotion

A

vasoactive chemicals

59
Q

an autonomic response to reduced perfusion of the brain; medulla monitors its own blood supply; activates corrective reflexs when it senses a state of ischemia

A

medullary ischemic reflex

60
Q

the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply

A

autoregulation

61
Q

blood velocity in the systemic circuit is fastest in largest artery

A

aorta

62
Q

veins with irregular dilations and twisted pathways as a result of leaky valves usually in superficial veins

A

varicose veins

63
Q

hormone released by the adrenal medulla that stimulates vasoconstriction and raises the blood pressure

A

epinephrine

64
Q

varicose veins of the anal canal

A

hemorrhoids

65
Q

mechanisms of movement of substances through the capillary wall; endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane

A

transcytosis

66
Q

area of the medulla oblongata that exerts sympathetic control over blood vessels

A

vasomotor center

67
Q

the opposition to flow that the blood encounters in vessels away from the heart

A

peripheral resistance

68
Q

an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure

A

baroreflex

69
Q

blood velocity in the systemic circuit is slowest in these smallest vessels

A

capillaries

70
Q

the widening of a blood vessel; occurs in response to relaxation of the smooth muscle allowing blood pressure to expand the vessel

A

vasodilation

71
Q

a mechanism of venous return in which the veins are surrounded and massaged by the muscles

A

skeletal muscle pump

72
Q

the flow of blood back to the heart

A

venous return

73
Q

adjusting the radius of the blood vessel

A

vasomotion

74
Q

promotes water retention by the kidneys; raise blood pressure

A

antidiuretic hormone

75
Q

salt retaining hormone; promotes sodium retention by thee kidneys; water follows sodium osmotically and promotes water retention ; higher blood volume and blood pressure

A

aldosterone

76
Q

smooth, silent blood flow; flows in layers; faster near the center of the vessel; slower near the walls here he friction is high

A

lamina flow

77
Q

the narrowing of a blood vessel; occurs when smooth muscle pf the tunica media contracts

A

vasoconstriction

78
Q

mechanisms of movement of substances through the capillary wall; movement of lipid soluble molecules from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area

A

diffusion

79
Q

a mechanism of venous return in which the thoracic and abdonminal cavities alternate pressure which squeezes blood in the inferior vena cava upward

A

respiratory pump

80
Q

growth of new blood vessels

A

angiogenesis

81
Q

the accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue; occurs when fluid filters into a tissue faster than it is reabsorbed

A

edema

82
Q

an autonomic response to changes in blood chemistry; adjusts respiration in results to changes in blood chemistry; also stimulate vasomotion

A

chemoreflex

83
Q

potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure

A

angiotensin

84
Q

hormones that antagonize aldosterone and lower blood pressure

A

natriuretic peptides

85
Q

type of low venous return shock that occurs when any object compresses a vein and impedes its blood flow

A

obstructed venous return shock

86
Q

second portion of the aorta; curves like an inverted “U”; gives off three major arteries; brachiocephalic, left common caroid, and left subclavian

A

aortic arch

87
Q

a type of low venous return shock in which too much of the bodys blood accumulates in the lower body

A

vascular shock

88
Q

a deeper level of shock in which several life threatening postive feedback loops occur; need medical treatment to reserve the positive feedback

A

decompensated shock

89
Q

without oxygen

A

anoxia

90
Q

cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart

A

LVR shock

91
Q

any state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body’s metabolic needs

A

circulatory shock

92
Q

results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic; antigen-antibody complexes trigger the release of hisamine which causes generalized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

A

anaphylactic shock

93
Q

when a person is still , blood accumulates in the limbs because the venous pressure is not high enough to override the weight of the blood and drive upward

A

venous pooling

94
Q

type of low venous return shock produced by excessive blood loss

A

hypovolumic shock

CHAPTER 20 (1 decks)

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