Chapter 20

Question 1

Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrate that humans are closely related to:

Answer 1

Gorillas and chimpanzees.
Combines analyses of several molecular data sets strongly support the hypothesis that humans and chimps are closest relatives.

Question 2

Closest relatives to humans?

Answer 2

Chimpanzees. Based on morphological analyses

Question 3

Incomplete lineage sorting?

Answer 3

When the ancestral species is genetically variable for the locus under study, then the gene tree estimated from sequence data may differ from the true species tree.

Question 4

Two different phylogenetic trees

Answer 4

Phylogenies of genes and species which may not necessarily be the same

Question 5

Mosaic nature of the human

Answer 5

Although humans and chimps are closest relatives, it is important to recognize that the human genome is a mosaic. In some portions of out genome, we are most closely related to gorillas.

Question 6

Major primate innovation:

Answer 6

All tetrapods share set of genes for oder receptors.
Mammals that relay on smell have more receptor genes, relatively fewer pseudogenes
Older world primates-opsin duplication trichromatic color vision better visual detection of food.
Use of hands and feet
Binocular vision for more precise judgment of distance