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Chapter 20 - Light and Architectural Lighting Systems > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Thomas Edison announce the successful development of incandescent lamp with a baked carbonized cotton thread filament?

A

December 21, 1879

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2
Q

Branch of physics that relates to the properties of light and the function of vision

A

Optics

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3
Q

It functions much like a simple, very crude camera.

A

Eye

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4
Q

Rays of light pass through this transparent part of the eye.

A

Cornea

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5
Q

Opening of the eye.

A

Pupil

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6
Q

It surrounds the pupil.

A

Iris

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7
Q

The inability to distinguish colors.

A

Color blindness

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8
Q

Form of electromagnetic radiation that allows eye to see.

A

Light

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9
Q

It is the energy radiated in the form of a wave caused by an electric field interacting with a magnetic field.

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

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10
Q

Electromagnetic radiation behaves as a group of particles called ______.

A

Photons

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11
Q

Speed of Light

A

186,000 miles per second or 300,000,000 meters per second

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12
Q

Measured as the distance from one wave peak to another.

A

Wavelength

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13
Q

The number of wave cycles per second measured in hertz.

A

Frequency

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14
Q

On the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, give at least three groups that is not visible with the naked eye.

A
  1. Cosmic Radiation
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. X-rays
  4. Ultraviolet
  5. Infrared Radiation
  6. Microwaves
  7. TV waves
  8. Radio waves
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15
Q

The part of electromagnetic radiation spectrum capable of exciting the retina and ultimately producing a visual sensation.

A

Visible light

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16
Q

Wavelength of visible light range.

A

380 nm to 750 nm

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17
Q

The amount of light incident on (striking) a surface.

A

Illuminance

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18
Q

The amount of light leaving an object.

A

Luminance

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19
Q

The ratio of reflected light versus the light striking the surface (illuminance).

A

Reflectance

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20
Q

The ratio of light transmitted through the body versus the light illuminating the surface.

A

Transmittance

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21
Q

The ratio of the light absorbed versus the light striking the surface.

A

Absorptance

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22
Q

A body that transmits light through it without distorting the image.

A

Transparent

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23
Q

A body that transmits light but obscures the image because the light is scattered.

A

Translucent

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24
Q

It is the light that is widely spread or scattered.

A

Diffuse Light

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25
Q

It is a strong, directional type of light. It is the type available on a cloudless, sunny day where shadows are well defined.

A

Direct Light

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26
Q

The ability to distinguish and interpret different wavelengths of visible light.

A

Color perception

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27
Q

A device that generates light.

A

Lamp

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28
Q

It is a complete lighting unit, which consists of a lamp (or lamps), lamp socket(s), any lenses, refractors, or louvers, any ballast (or ballasts), and the housing.

A

Luminaire

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29
Q

It is the luminaire less the lamp(s).

A

Light fixture

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30
Q

The measure of the perceived power of light expressed in lumens (lm)

A

Luminous flux

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31
Q

The SI unit of solid angular measure

A

Steradian (sr)

32
Q

SI unit of luminous intensity—that is, the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction

A

Candela (cd)

33
Q

One candela is equivalent to

A

One lumen per steradian

34
Q

The ratio of the light output of a light source (a specific lamp) to the electrical energy consumed (including the ballast if applicable) to produce that light source

A

Luminous efficacy

35
Q

Luminous efficacy is expressed in units of _____

A

lumens per watt of electric power (lm/W)

36
Q

This lamp emit visible light as a result of heating.

A

Incandescent Lamp

37
Q

These are a smaller, brighter, and more expensive version of the incandescent lamp.

A

Tungsten-halogen lamps

38
Q

It is the electricity passing through a gas such that it causes the gas to arc

A

Gaseous discharge

39
Q

It is composed of a tubular glass bulb that is covered with a thin phosphor coating on its inside surface.

A

Fluorescent lamp

40
Q

It produce a very bright light by discharging an arc when electrical current passes through a metal gas contained under high pressure in a glass bulb.

A

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps

41
Q

These are lamps that combine the luminous efficiency of an HID lamp with the good color rendering capability of an incandescent lamp.

A

Blended lamps

42
Q

It refers to a type of lighting that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diode lights (OLEDs), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), instead of traditional lighting sources that use an electrical filament or gas inside a glass bulb.

A

Solid-state lighting (SSL)

43
Q

Sometimes called general lighting, it provides uniform illumination throughout the space. It softens shadows on people’s faces and provides the illumination for color and texture

A

Ambient lighting

44
Q

It is the directional lighting used to emphasize a particular object or area.

A

Accent Lighting

45
Q

The light source that adds a quality of interest to the space.

A

Decorative Lighting

46
Q

It is required in the critical care and emergency spaces found in hospitals, nursing homes, and police, fire protection, and crisis management areas

A

Emergency Lighting

47
Q

It is part of the emergency lighting system. It enables normal activities to continue substantially unchanged.

A

Stand-by lighting

48
Q

The part of emergency lighting system that ensures the safety of people involved in a potentially hazardous process

A

Safety lighting

49
Q

It provides illumination to ensure that an escape route can be effectively identified and used in the case of failure of the normal lighting system

A

Escape lighting

50
Q

It is the part of the escape lighting system that includes illuminated signage used to provide clear directions for an emergency exit of building occupants

A

Exit lighting

51
Q

It is a luminaire that is hung with a cord, chain, or tube that enables it to be suspended from a ceiling or other support. It broadcasts light over the entire space.

A

Pendent

52
Q

It is a luminaire where a shielded light source directs its light to the ceiling, where it is reflected back to the space.

A

Uplight

53
Q

It is a luminaire that is usually attached to or recessed in the ceiling and emits a concentrated light downward.

A

Downlight

54
Q

A type of downlight that is a recessed, canister-shaped luminaire with a shielded lamp that emits light downward.

A

High hat

55
Q

These luminaires are mounted above the ceiling or behind a wall or other surface so that any visible projection of light is insignificant.

A

Recessed

56
Q

These are decorative, wall-mounted luminaires that provide ambient illumination.

A

Sconces

57
Q

Luminaires that are used in high-ceiling areas

A

High bay luminaires

58
Q

These luminaires are more compact. They are designed for use in low- to medium-ceiling areas.

A

Low bay luminaires

59
Q

It is the illumination where light received at the work plane or light illuminating an object is incident predominantly from a particular direction.

A

Directional lighting

60
Q

A luminaire that is designed to emit an intense, concentrated beam of light with usually no more than a 20° divergence (spread) from where it is directed.

A

Spotlight

61
Q

A luminaire that emits an intense light that is broader than a spotlight and that is capable of being pointed in any direction.

A

Floodlight

62
Q

A directional lighting installation where luminaires are attached to and are moveable along a metal track.

A

Track lighting

63
Q

A lighting installation in which the light on the working plane or on an object is not incident predominantly from a particular direction. Diffused light is cast and disbursed over a large area

A

Diffused Lighting

64
Q

A lighting installation where the light source is shielded by a panel that is parallel to the wall and attached to the ceiling.

A

Cornice Lighting

65
Q

A lighting installation where the light source is shielded by a panel that is parallel to the wall at the top of a window.

A

Valance Lighting

66
Q

It is the excessive brightness in the field of vision that causes discomfort or, in extreme cases, produces a disability from a temporary loss of vision.

A

Glare

67
Q

The most essential form of lighting because it is the basic background of light for almost every room

A

Ambient Lighting

68
Q

Lighting design that illuminates a specific visual function and can influence the effectiveness of the individual performing the task.

A

Task or local lighting

69
Q

Lighting design used to add drama and emphasize a particular object or area

A

Accent lighting

70
Q

Lighting design that aesthetically adds interest to the space by blending with other types of lighting to give an overall “feel” to a space.

A

Decorative Lighting

71
Q

The transitional space from public to private and exterior to interior.

A

Entrances

72
Q

Lighting should make the food, the table setting, and the people look attractive, so excellent color rendition is a must.

A

Dining spaces

73
Q

The best light washes the face from all directions, softening shadows

A

Restrooms/bathrooms

74
Q

Located in walls of a building, these are the most common method of introducing daylight into the interior building spaces.

A

Windows

75
Q

A transparent panel located in a roof opening that allows direct and diffuse sunlight into the building. A roof monitor is a type of skylight system that is a raised, typically triangular shaped, extension of a roof and that has at least one glazed surface.

A

Skylight

Chapter 20 - Light and Architectural Lighting Systems (1 decks)

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