Chapter 20

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

Rules of conduct that differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable behavior

Question 2

Justice according to the textbook

Answer 2

means to treat patients fairly and give them care that is due and appropriate

Question 3

Infertility

Answer 3

the inability to get pregnant after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

Question 4

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 4

a branch of pharmacology that studies the genetic factors that influence a person’s response to a medication. Includes antivirals, analgesics, cancer drugs, cardiovascular drugs

Question 5

genomic medicine

Answer 5

an emerging branch of medicine involved with the using patients’ genetic information as part of their clinical care

Question 6

germline cells

Answer 6

sperm and egg cells

Question 7

somatic cells

Answer 7

nonreproductive cells; they do not include sperm and egg cells

Question 8

Self-renew

Answer 8

make copies of themselves

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

rod-shaped structures found in the cell’s nucleus; they contain genetic information

Question 10

passive euthanasia

Answer 10

withholding a lifesaving treatment (feeding tube) and letting the patient die

Question 11

Cessation

Answer 11

bringing to an end

Question 12

Morals

Answer 12

Internal principals that distinguish between right and wrong

Question 13

Personal ethics

Answer 13

An individual’s code of conduct, includes honesty, fairness, commitment, integrity, and accountability

Question 14

Professional ethics

Answer 14

codes of conduct stated by an employer or a professional association

Question 15

National organ transplant act

Answer 15

act establishes a national registry for organ matching

Question 16

Uniformed Anatomical Gift Act

Answer 16

purpose to make it easier for people to donate organs, all 50 states adopted this law

Question 17

Uniformed determination of death act

Answer 17

it served as a guide for state lawmakers to create their own laws, the act provided a definition of death (irreversible cessation)

Question 18

Different types of living will

Answer 18

provides instructions about life-sustaining medical treatment to be administered or withheld when the patient has a terminal condition

Question 19

Advanced directives

Answer 19

written instructions about healthcare decisions should a person be unable to make them

Question 20

Healthcare proxy

Answer 20

(kind of like a surrogate) a competent adult can appoint a person to make healthcare decisions in the event they are unable to do so

Question 21

Medical durable power of attorney

Answer 21

like a living will but includes all healthcare decisions. It lasts as long as the person is not able to make decisions. Document names a healthcare proxy and can include healthcare wishes. Can be used in a non-terminal situation

Question 22

Stages of grief

Answer 22

• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Acceptance

Question 23

Know the types of surrogacy

Answer 23

a woman carries and gives birth for another couple