Chapter 2: Whats the Matter?

Question 1

Is light made of matter?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Define pure substance.

Answer 2

a substance whose properties are the same throughout

Question 3

What is a combination of two or more pure substances?

Answer 3

A mixture

Question 4

Which is pure: a bowl of milk and cereal or an oxygen sample?

Answer 4

Oxygen sample

Question 5

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 5

A mixture whose composition is the same throughout the sample

Question 6

Define heterogeneous mixture.

Answer 6

A mixture whose composition is different in different parts of the sample.

Question 7

What makes up most of the air?

Answer 7

Nitrogen

Question 8

How many percent is oxygen in the air?

Answer 8

21%

Question 9

True/false: the air is perfectly homogeneous everywhere on earth.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is the law of mass conservation?

Answer 10

in any chemical or physical process, the total mass of everything involved must remain the same.

Question 11

What is the other name for the law of mass conservation?

Answer 11

conservation of mass

Question 12

Who is given credit for conservation of mass?

Answer 12

Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier

Question 13

What are the two options for a pure substance to be?

Answer 13

an element or compound

Question 14

Define element

Answer 14

a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances

Question 15

Define compound

Answer 15

a pure substance that is composed of two or more elements

Question 16

True/false: compounds are mixtures of substances

Answer 16

False!

Question 17

What is the difference between malleable and brittle?

Answer 17

malleable: hard but can be bent and shaped without breaking
brittle: hard but can break when bending

Question 18

Is sulfur an element? What about zinc?

Answer 18

yes and yes

Question 19

Who discovered the law of definite proportions

Answer 19

Proust

Question 20

What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

Answer 20

A given compound will always have the same proportion of elements by mass

Question 21

State Daltons Atomic Theory

Answer 21

1) all matter is made up of atoms, which are industructable and irreversible
2) all atoms of a given element are identical in all their properties
3) compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms
4) a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of the atoms that exist in the substances which are reacting

Question 22

who is the Father of modern atomic theory?

Answer 22

John Dalton

Question 23

define molecules

Answer 23

a combination of two or more atoms joined together

Question 24

what is the law of multiple proportions?

Answer 24

When two elements combine to form different compounds, a fixed amount of one element will combine with the other element, so that the ratio of the masses of the other element is a small whole number 

Question 25

define isotope

Answer 25

An isotope is two or more atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 26

True/false: an element is not a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

Answer 26

False